Joseph Lubin: Ethereum will not have a "Second Foundation" or become a fully zero-knowledge proof-based protocol within 3 to 5 years.

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Mars Finance reports that Consensys CEO Joseph Lubin stated that Ethereum is expected to develop into a protocol fully based on zero-knowledge proofs (ZK Proof) within the next 3 to 5 years, which will not only optimize the main chain but also enhance Ethereum's composability with Layer 2. Joseph Lubin said he supports the “Rollup-centric roadmap,” believing that by strengthening Layer 1, introducing the “Lean Ethereum” plan, and promoting ZK proofs, Ethereum's base layer can be significantly upgraded. Lean Ethereum aims to achieve over 10k transactions per second while maintaining high decentralization of the mainnet, and support privacy and quantum-resistant solutions. Regarding Layer 2, Joseph Lubin pointed out that ZK technology has already enabled real-time proofs on some L2 networks and plans to extend this capability to Layer 1, ultimately transitioning to a fully ZK-based protocol supported by multiple provers. For example, projects like Consensys’ Linea chain and Gnosis are utilizing zero-knowledge proofs to achieve cross-network synchronized transactions, potentially eliminating bridging needs and unifying fragmented liquidity. Joseph Lubin emphasized that the initial “differentiation phase” of the Rollup roadmap aims to provide experimental space for Layer 2 technology, which may temporarily disperse liquidity but lays the foundation for Ethereum’s future unlimited scalability and technological iteration. He believes that some L2 technologies will become systemically important components, and this exploratory process is necessary. Additionally, Joseph Lubin responded to recent personnel changes at the Ethereum Foundation (EF) and rumors of a “Second Foundation,” stating that there will be no second foundation. EF will continue to focus on core protocol development, usability, scalability, and institutional collaboration, while supporting at least three independent teams spun off from EF to focus on protocol, user experience, and institutional expansion.
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