#Vitalik公布精简以太坊路线图 In the next five years, Ethereum will complete its third major iteration, with quantum resistance and privacy as top priorities

On July 5, Vitalik Buterin stated that Ethereum researchers recently finalized the "Ethereum simplification" roadmap at a Berlin conference. This is not a single upgrade, but a series of forks spanning three to four years (starting from "I-star"), which will become the third major era of Ethereum, like "The Merge," replacing almost all core components. 

Core changes include: verification shifting from direct execution to recursive STARK; consensus introducing 1-2 rounds of finality, faster and more secure; multi-dimensional gas pricing; comprehensive replacement of existing cryptographic schemes with quantum-resistant ones. The most disruptive change is the state model—the current dynamic state only scales to about 2TB, while introducing new scalable states such as UTXO and ring buffers, with total scale reaching 100TB, suitable for ERC20/NFT/DeFi, and after rewriting, transaction fees can be reduced by over 10 times; complex applications (e.g., Uniswap pools) retain the old state without forced migration. However, who stores the hundred-terabyte state and the incentive issues become new key research directions. 
Privacy upgrade is a first-class design goal, with all new components required to support quantum-resistant, intermediary-free private transactions. Formal verification is being fully deployed, and exploring the introduction of RISC-V or leanISA as the underlying protocol VM, with the EVM potentially retreating to a compilation-layer feature in the future. 
In terms of scalability metrics, gas limits, blob capacity, and block times will be increased multiple times over the next five years, with the Glasterdam fork being the first to significantly raise the gas limit. In terms of fork order, H-star (Hegota) will be the last "pre-simplification" fork, after which the simplification era fully begins. 
Ethereum is moving toward a quantum-resistant, massively scalable, privacy-first new network through this complex but smooth transition, while ensuring maximum compatibility with existing applications. This five-year cautious disruption has officially begun.$ETH ‌