In China, from a technical perspective, those “robots” don’t really count as robots because too many problems remain unresolved. What, then, is a real robot—one that can perform most tasks like a human in any environment?

At present, robots have only initially solved the problem of thinking (using AI capabilities), but they have not yet solved: robots not knowing what they are facing (fragile, slippery, dangerous, valuable, delicate); robots not knowing what will happen (understanding physical laws, causal relationships, spatial relationships, common-sense reasoning); even if robots know, they still may not be able to do it (picking up an egg, tying shoelaces, folding clothes, fixing plumbing); and the robot body is missing: energy limitations (battery life, charging efficiency, energy density) and hardware limitations (flexibility, durability, motor efficiency, cost).

So, almost all Chinese robot manufacturers are mainly solving engineering integration issues, not the core robot itself.