VACP: A Verifiable Atomic Computation Paradigm Based on Arweave

! [VACP: Verifiable Atomic Computation Paradigm Based on Arweave] (https://cdn-img.panewslab.com/panews/images/N28Q8G33p0.png)

作者：Decent Land Labs

翻译：Xiaosong HU @ Contributor of PermaDAO

审阅：John Khor @ Contributor of PermaDAO

Motivation

Many Web3 dapp applications, products, and protocols initially want to be fully decentralized and built using only on-chain components. However, when they face scaling challenges, the introduction of Web2 elements can be a powerful solution to enhance scalability and user experience (UX).

A centralized Web2 architecture has significant benefits for scalability, but at the same time it may sacrifice the core principles of Web3.

Question

When a project incorporates web2 elements into its technology stack, it essentially begins to compromise some of the core principles of decentralization, including transparency, trustlessness, and verifiability.

To address this challenge, we have introduced the Verifiable Atomic Computation Paradigm (VACP) and the Molecular Ution Machine (MEM), which is implemented in real time.

This approach aims to address scalability and user experience issues while maintaining the integrity of the core decentralization principles.

So, what is VACP?

The Verifiable Atomic Computation Paradigm (VACP) is made possible by the synergy of three components:

• Lazy evaluation, pioneered by the SmartWeave protocol and 3EM.
• License-free verifiable computation (VC), which enables computation to be independently verified and executed without centralized control.
• Ensure data integrity and availability throughout the process with tamper-proof data availability (DA) layers, such as Arweave.

By combining these three essential elements, VACP provides a robust framework for maintaining decentralization, transparency, and trustlessness while providing scalable and verifiable computation for web3 developers.

Arweave serves as a foundational role for the L0 layer across blockchains, enabling VACP to operate seamlessly with multi-chain functionality. Using a combination of Arweave’s data availability verification and the KYVE protocol, VACP reliably ensures data integrity across blockchains, enhancing its versatility and reliability.

! [VACP: Verifiable Atomic Computation Paradigm Based on Arweave] (https://cdn-img.panewslab.com/panews/images/nEDpIeOrEy.png)

VACP Visualization

1. Data calculation rules and initial state upload:

• A set of rules (smart contract / serverless function code) and initial state are uploaded to the data availability (DA) layer.
• The initial state records all state changes over time.

2. Trusted Third Party (TTP) for User Interaction Processing, a.k.a. Atomic Nodes:

• A Trusted Third Party (TTP) can be a highly scalable, centralized node responsible for managing user interactions within the system.
• The trustworthiness of a TTP relies on trust, which is established based on its fidelity to the data uploaded to the DA layer (data authenticity validity).
• The trustworthiness of a TTP depends on its ability to pass verifiable computational checks conducted by end users, ensuring the completeness and accuracy of its actions. TTP handles tasks such as receiving user transactions, evaluating new state, and maintaining data caches.

Essentially, VACP leverages a combination of rules and data uploaded on the DA layer and Trusted Entities (TTPs) to enable verifiable computation while maintaining a degree of scalability and trust in the system’s operations.

MEM is a VACP implementation

The Molecular Actuator (MEM) is a legitimate implementation of the Verifiable Atomic Computational Paradigm (VACP) because it adheres to the basic paradigm requirements:

Atomicity: MEM operates as a single node (Trusted Third Party - TTP) and is capable of running efficient and scalable web2.5 networks.

Verifiable Computing: Within the MEM framework, atomic nodes are constantly subject to strict honesty checks performed by the end user or any interested party. Every operation performed by the node can be replicated and verified, ensuring transparency and trust within the system.

In MEM, smart contracts and interactions reside in the same DA layer, facilitating final state verification through lazy evaluation and verifiable computation principles, in compliance with VACP.

What happens if an atomic node becomes a malicious actor?

If an atomic node is identified as a malicious actor, the VACP system has appropriate protection mechanisms in place. At any given moment, if it is determined that an atomic node has engaged in dishonest behavior, any interested party can access the immutable VACP interactions stored in the data availability (DA) layer. They can then perform an inert assessment, reconstructing the transaction history until they reach a final state of honesty.

Subsequently, the system can initiate a “hard fork” of the network from the block height corresponding to the last known honest state, effectively ignoring any fraudulent actions taken by malicious atomic nodes. This approach ensures the integrity and trustworthiness of the network by allowing the network to continue operating from a point of truth while isolating and mitigating the impact of dishonest actors’ actions.

How are VACP and MEM different in the smart contract space?

Adhering to VACP principles, MEM redefines the data-driven smart contract landscape by providing enhanced scalability, a better user and developer experience, diverse data sources, protocol evolution, atomic node efficiency, and optimal Arweave DA layer utilization and affordability. This holistic approach makes MEM a pioneer in the field:

Scalability and throughput: MEM delivers superior scalability and transaction processing capabilities, outperforming other platforms in transactions per second (TPS) and transaction finality, as well as latency. This allows the network to handle more interactions. The implementation of User Experience (UX) and Developer Experience (DX) :* VACP will result in a more user-friendly and developer-friendly ecosystem in MEM, making it more accessible and efficient for both users and developers. This competitive advantage fosters adoption and innovation. Data source: While MEM relies on a single data source at the DA layer (Arweave L2), it makes efficient use of that data source, creating a faster and more secure sequencer for data-driven smart contracts. SmartWeave Protocol Evolution: MEM implements 3EM using the improved SmartWeave protocol, ensuring it is at the forefront of protocol advancements, incorporating the latest innovations in data-driven contract technology. Atomic Node Concept: MEM uses the atomic node concept to provide a lightweight and highly scalable approach that outperforms the competition in terms of efficiency and responsiveness. Utilization of the Arweave DA layer: MEM avoids the limitations associated with Arweave tags by using data transactions as placeholders for interaction. This innovation allows for enterprise-scale contract data computation requests, unlocking new possibilities for data-driven smart contracts. Web2.5 Optimization: MEM is focused on delivering Web2.5 UX and DX to meet the needs of business and consumer segments, creating opportunities for growth and expansion. Low-cost and efficient network setup: For less than $100 per month, anyone can deploy their own web2.5 data computing network using an open-source MEM code base. This cost-effective approach leverages the right mix of Web2 components and software to enable MEM to achieve rapid scalability, eliminate the need for traditional cache designs, and shift the responsibility to contract deployers.

UI-driven data proof based on the VACP protocol

! [VACP: Verifiable Atomic Computation Paradigm Based on Arweave] (https://cdn-img.panewslab.com/panews/images/KH026Vwo64.png)

ACP with MEM and On-Chain Data Token-Gating Example

(Note: Token-Gating: is a security mechanism that restricts a user or application from accessing and using certain content or services by assigning access tokens to different resources or functions.) This mechanism can be used to protect personal data, sensitive information, or digital assets from unauthorized access and use. ）

Consider a scenario where an application user interface (UI) can provide proof of the data it obtains based on information retrieved from the Ethereum network and assume that the data is real (e.g., checking the balance of a connected wallet for token gating purposes). The attestation should include the necessary metadata:

• FE requests Ethereum blocks that have an external account (EOA) balance.
• Token contract address.
• Time-stamped proof of data requests made on the Permanent Data Availability (DA) layer using a Molecular Actuator (MEM).

Once this attestation metadata is collected, it can be submitted to the MEM contract, which stores it as a permanent proof. Any user can verify the validity of this proof and proof by implementing the Verifiable Atomic Computation Paradigm (VACP) principle.

Summary

In conclusion, VACP redefines the concept of Web2.5, providing a model that combines trust, scalability, cost efficiency, user experience, data integrity, interoperability, and innovation, ultimately providing a practical and extensible framework that bridges the gap between Web2 and Web3 paradigms.