BIS warns: crypto exchanges are evolving into "shadow banks," users face unsecured risks

ME News message: On April 23 (UTC+8), the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) released a report stating that crypto exchanges are gradually offering bank-like services, such as lending and yield products (Earn), but lack the regulatory oversight and deposit protection found in traditional financial systems, which could give rise to systemic risks. The report says that these high-yield products are essentially closer to “unsecured loans,” where users’ assets are often used by the platform for high-risk activities such as lending, trading, or market making, while users only hold a claim against the platform; once the platform runs into problems, users are directly exposed to solvency risk. The BIS also said that major crypto platforms have evolved from single exchanges into “multifunctional intermediaries,” integrating the functions of banks, brokerages, and exchanges, but with insufficient transparency and risk-segregation mechanisms. The report notes that the collapses of Celsius Network and FTX are typical examples of such structural risks. In addition, the report mentions that the crypto market flash crash in October 2025 led to approximately $19 billion in forced liquidations, highlighting the risks of chain reactions under high leverage and opaque structures. (Source: ChainCatcher)
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