📰 TODAY IN HISTORY

📆 June 13

📜 Events:

🏛️ • 313 — The Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine and Licinius, guarantees religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire.

🧭 • 1325 — Moroccan explorer Ibn Battuta begins his journey, becoming one of the greatest travelers in history.

🤝 • 1373 — Portugal and England sign the Luso-British Alliance, considered the oldest diplomatic alliance still in effect.

🌳 • 1808 — The Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden is established by order of Dom João VI.

🙏 • 1917 — The second apparition of Our Lady of Fátima to the three shepherd children occurs in Portugal.

💣 • 1944 — Germany launches the first attack with V-1 flying bombs against London during World War II.

🚗 • 2018 — Volkswagen is fined 1 billion euros for the emissions manipulation scandal.

⭐ Births:

🇧🇷 • 1763 — José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva, Brazilian statesman and Patriarch of Independence († 1838).

📖 • 1888 — Fernando Pessoa, Portuguese poet and writer († 1935).

🔬 • 1911 — Luis Walter Alvarez, American physicist and Nobel Prize winner († 1988).

📐 • 1928 — John Forbes Nash, American mathematician and economist, Nobel laureate († 2015).

🌍 • 1944 — Ban Ki-moon, South Korean diplomat and former Secretary-General of the United Nations.

🧠 • 1966 — Grigori Perelman, Russian mathematician known for solving the Poincaré Conjecture.

🎬 • 1981 — Chris Evans, American actor.

🕊️ Deaths:

⛪ • 1231 — Saint Anthony of Padua (Anthony of Lisbon), a religious figure and Catholic saint (b. 1195).

⚔️ • 1645 — Miyamoto Musashi, legendary Japanese samurai and author of The Book of Five Rings (b. c. 1584).

👑 • 1886 — Louis II of Bavaria, King of Bavaria (b. 1845).

🎭 • 1981 — Amácio Mazzaropi, Brazilian filmmaker, comedian, and actor (b. 1912).

🏛️ • 1998 — Lúcio Costa, Brazilian architect and urban planner, designer of Brasília (b. 1902).

🎬 • 2019 — Edith González, Mexican actress (b. 1964).

🎤 • 2024 — Nahim, Brazilian singer (b. 1952).

📍 Holidays and Commemorative Dates:

🌎 International:

🤍 • International Albinism Awareness Day.

🥎 • International Softball Day.

🇧🇷 Brazil:

🧳 • Tourist Day.

⛪ • Municipal holiday in several Brazilian cities in honor of Saint Anthony, the patron saint of hundreds of municipalities.

🎉 • It is also the anniversary of cities such as Pirajuí, Lins, Americana, Adamantina, Cordeirópolis, Guaratinguetá, Lapa, Pinheiral, Rancharia, Santo Antônio da Alegria, Santo Antônio de Posse, Santo Antônio de Pádua, Tijucas, and many others.

✨ June 13 is a date marked by faith, history, great journeys, science, and important events that helped shape the world.
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