Ethereum researchers Thomas Coratger, Tom Wambsgans, and others published an article discussing the establishment of a post-quantum public key registry for validators to promote Ethereum's proof-of-stake transition from BLS signatures to post-quantum secure signature schemes. The article states that this migration will be phased: first through a one-time registry fork, allowing validators to register their post-quantum public keys in advance, followed by several forks before the official switch of the signature mechanism. The candidate scheme focuses on hash-based XMSS signatures, whose public key is only 52 bytes, but a single signature is approximately 3112 bytes, requiring the use of leanVM and post-quantum SNARK aggregation to reduce network load.