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Institutional sell-off? ETF six-day net outflow of $1.55 billion, exchange net inflow of 18,000 BTC
The U.S. spot Bitcoin ETF market experienced its most severe capital outflow cycle since late January in May 2026. According to industry data providers, over six consecutive trading days ending May 22, 12 U.S. spot Bitcoin ETFs saw a total net outflow of approximately $1.55 billion, reducing the year-to-date net inflow to just $536 million, with positive inflows potentially turning into net outflows at any time.
The day with the most concentrated outflows was May 18, when about $648 million was lost, marking the largest single-day outflow of 2026. Although daily outflows slowed afterward, they remained negative until Friday (May 22), which still recorded a net outflow of $105.2 million. From the issuer perspective, BlackRock’s IBIT and Fidelity’s FBTC were the main sources of outflows, with IBIT experiencing a net outflow of $68.9 million and FBTC $36.3 million on that day.
Notably, IBIT remains the only large ETF maintaining a positive net inflow in 2026—approximately $2.7 billion—yet this figure is vastly lower than the $25 billion inflow seen throughout 2025. In other words, demand for ETFs is not only slowing but cooling at a rate much faster than expected.
18,000 枚 BTC 净流入交易所,现货供应端正在悄然堆积
在 ETF 需求减弱的同一时间窗口,链上数据揭示了一个同样重要的信号:比特币正在大规模流入中心化交易所。根据 Blockbeats 及分析师 Axel Adler Jr. 的报告,过去一周交易所的 BTC 净流入量约为 18,000 枚。
所谓“净流入”,指的是存入交易所的 BTC 数量多于撤出数量的差额。当大量比特币从自主托管钱包或冷存储地址转移到交易所时,通常意味着持有人正在为潜在的卖出行为做准备——资产一旦进入交易所,流动性和可出售性均显著提升。这类链上行为通常被市场解读为抛售意愿上升的信号。
从更长的时间维度观察,现货 BTC ETF 的每日交易量也在同步下滑。Glassnode 数据显示,现货 BTC ETF 每日成交额已跌至 200 亿美元以下,而 2025 年底这一数字曾超过 500 亿美元。传统金融渠道的投机需求正在明显降温,这进一步印证了当前需求端动能不足的结论。
约 34,000 枚 BTC 的潜在卖压如何形成?
将上述两条线索叠加,可以更清晰地看到当前市场面临的供应侧压力全貌:
两者合计,约有 34,000 枚 BTC 的资产正在“逼近”市场卖盘。分析师 Axel Adler Jr. 对此作出的总结直指问题核心:“这不是供应吸收,而是卖压的增加”。
这 34,000 枚 BTC 并不等同于“34,000 枚 BTC 一定会被立即卖出”。一个更准确的理解框架是:这些 BTC 已经脱离了原本处于“休眠”或“持有”状态的机构托管架构,进入了更容易被抛售的状态。真正形成实际卖出,还需取决于现货市场是否存在足够的需求来消化这些供应。
机构风险偏好显著降温,Jane Street 与高盛在做什么?
比 ETF 资金流向更值得关注的是结构性的机构行为变化。
根据 2026 年第一季度 13F 申报文件,知名做市商 Jane Street 将其比特币 ETF 持仓大幅削减约 70%,投资银行高盛也减持了约 10% 的比特币 ETF 部位。
Jane Street 是全球最大的期权做市商之一,其对加密 ETF 持有量的显著缩减具有风向标意义。高盛作为顶级投资银行,其减持动作虽然幅度较小,但同样反映了机构端对加密资产敞口的重新评估。这些调整发生在同一时期——宏观不确定性上升、美债收益率攀升、地缘政治紧张持续——说明机构的避险需求正在系统性地影响其加密资产配置决策。
需要区分的一个关键点是:贝莱德减持约 15,000 枚 BTC 主要由 ETF 客户赎回驱动,而非贝莱德自身看空比特币。贝莱德在同期向 SEC 申请了第二只代币化基金,说明其仍在扩大数字资产业务。因此,“机构在撤退”的说法可能过于简化——更准确的描述是:机构客户的宏观风险偏好正在收缩,而机构服务商仍在保持基础设施层面的布局。
短期持有人陷入浮亏,卖压风险存在自我强化机制
链上数据还提供了另一层关于卖压动态机制的分析维度。
短期持有者的已实现价格——追踪持有时间较短(通常为 155 天以内)投资者的平均持仓成本——目前约为 80,217 美元。当比特币价格在这一阈值下方运行时,大量短期持有者处于未实现亏损状态,其在价格反弹至成本线附近时更有动力选择平仓止损,从而加大卖压。
与此同时,比特币市场的已实现亏损正在上升。短期交易者的已实现亏损约为 3.66 亿美元,而已实现盈利约为 1.90 亿美元,两者相抵后的净实现盈利约为 -1.76 亿美元。这意味着短期内已实现卖出的参与者整体处于亏损状态。
从 Coinbase 溢价指标来看,美国投资者同样表现出明显的抛售倾向。Coinbase Premium Gap 已深度跌入负值区间,这是自 2 月以来最强烈的看淡信号之一,表明美国投资者正持续承受卖压。对于希望理解这 34,000 枚 BTC 潜在卖压是否会真正落地而言,上述数据提供了一个逻辑依据:当前市场结构存在“卖压自我强化”的条件。
衍生品市场并未提供需求补充,空头回补成反弹主要推手
近期的价格反弹在一定程度上扰动了市场情绪。比特币在跌破 75,000 美元后迅速反弹至 77,800 美元附近,部分市场参与者可能将其解读为需求的回归。
但衍生品数据指向了另一个解释方向。此次反弹主要源于空头回补,而非新资金的主动买入。BTC 总未平仓合约(Open Interest)从约 268,000 枚 BTC 降至 250,000 枚 BTC 后略有回升,资金费率同步降温,表明杠杆多头仓位拥挤度已有所下降。
在缺乏现货需求增长的情况下,仅靠空头回补驱动的反弹可持续性有限。正如分析师指出的,若 BTC 要进一步冲击 80,000 美元,现货需求与未平仓合约需要同步增长,反弹才能具备更稳固的延续性。当前衍生品市场并未提供足够的需求补充来消化交易所积累的供应。
后续需要关注哪些关键变量?
基于上述分析框架,有几个变量将在未来数周决定 34,000 枚 BTC 潜在卖压的实际落地强度:
**第一个变量是 ETF 资金流向能否出现逆转。**若未来数日 ETF 重新恢复净流入——例如在宏观面出现边际改善的情况下——则需求端可能重新平衡当前供应侧的过剩。
**第二个变量是交易所净流入趋势能否放缓甚至逆转。**若交易所净流入持续为正,即便 ETF 流出停止,BTC 供应仍在市场边缘堆积。改善信号是周度交易所净流入向中性或负值方向移动。
**第三个变量是短期持有人成本线附近的博弈。**80,217 美元不仅是技术层面的关键价格阻力,更是大量短期持有者决策的心理锚点。若比特币能够有效站稳这一水平上方,则卖压自我强化的链条将被打破。
**第四个变量是机构客户的整体行为方向。**尽管 Jane Street 与高盛已在第一季度削减持仓,但其后续行为——是否进一步减仓,或重新增加敞口——将对市场情绪和资金流向产生深远影响。
总结
2026 年 5 月,美国现货比特币 ETF 市场经历连续六日净流出约 15.5 亿美元,将全年累计净流入压缩至 5.36 亿美元的临界水平。同期,交易所录得约 18,000 枚 BTC 的净流入,表明大量比特币正从托管状态向交易渠道迁移。两者叠加形成约 34,000 枚 BTC 的潜在卖压,这并不意味着 34,000 枚 BTC 会立即全部卖出,而是意味着供应端可被抛售的部分显著增加。
从更深层看,机构风险偏好的系统性降温正在改变市场的资金结构。Jane Street 与高盛已在一季度减持比特币 ETF 仓位;ETF 日交易量从 2025 年底的 500 亿美元以上降至不足 200 亿美元;衍生品市场近期的反弹主要来自空头回补,而非现货需求的实质性增长。与此同时,超过 80,000 美元的短期持有者平均成本门槛意味着大量交易者处于浮亏状态,潜在的卖出动机依然存在。
接下来的市场走向将取决于四个变量的动态变化:ETF 资金流向能否逆转、交易所净流入能否放缓、比特币能否站稳短期持有者成本线以上,以及机构客户是否持续削减加密资产敞口。在这些信号出现明确改变之前,34,000 枚 BTC 的潜在卖压将始终构成当前市场环境中的关键供需变量。
FAQ
Q: Does the potential selling pressure of 34,000 BTC necessarily mean the price will fall?
Not necessarily. “Potential selling pressure” refers to an increased supply available for sale, but actual selling behavior depends on whether market participants choose to execute. If spot demand increases simultaneously or ETFs revert to net inflows, this supply increase can be effectively absorbed. This figure reflects “risk exposure,” not “certainty of selling.”
Q: Does BlackRock’s large-scale Bitcoin ETF sell-off mean the asset management giant has turned bearish?
Not necessarily. BlackRock’s BTC sell-off mainly results from client redemptions of its ETF products: when investors redeem IBIT shares, BlackRock must sell corresponding BTC to settle. At the same time, BlackRock is still applying for new tokenized funds, indicating its digital asset business is still expanding. A more accurate interpretation is: BlackRock’s clients (mainly institutional investors) are reducing holdings amid macro uncertainties, not BlackRock itself being bearish.
Q: What factors are driving the selling pressure of 34,000 BTC?
Two core sources overlap: first, ETF outflows of about 16,000 BTC—indicating a phase of institutional demand channel failure; second, exchange inflows of about 18,000 BTC—indicating more BTC being transferred to trading platforms, increasing the supply available for sale. Additionally, macro factors (high U.S. Treasury yields, geopolitical tensions) and short-term holders’ unrealized losses have intensified the motivation to sell.
Q: What is the relationship between Coinbase Premium Gap negative values and selling pressure?
The Coinbase Premium Gap reflects the buying and selling activity tendencies of U.S. institutional investors on Coinbase. A deeply negative indicator usually suggests weak buying and strong selling from U.S. investors. Currently, the indicator has fallen to its lowest level since February, aligning with weaker Bitcoin prices, indicating that U.S. institutional investors are not showing significant buying interest at the current price range.
Q: What conditions must be met in the spot market to absorb this 34,000 BTC selling pressure?
First, sustained net capital inflows into ETFs are needed; second, the weekly net inflow trend on exchanges must shift from positive to negative; third, spot buying demand must see substantial growth, not just price rebounds driven by short covering. If these conditions are not met, prices will continue to face persistent supply pressure from exchanges when spot demand lacks support.