Vitalik: Keyed nonces may become the starting point for Ethereum's new state scaling strategy

Wu said that Vitalik Buterin posted that keyed nonces not only provide stronger protocol support for privacy solutions but may also become the first attempt at a new Ethereum state scaling strategy, which is to create more specialized storage types for specific use cases and support large-scale expansion while maintaining decentralization through usage restrictions. Vitalik took protocol-level nullifiers as an example, stating that if on-chain privacy transactions reach 2,000 TPS and last for 8 years, approximately 500B non-clippable nullifiers could be generated; placing them into dedicated nullifier storage, compared to directly entering the current dynamic state, is more conducive to maintaining Ethereum’s decentralization. Vitalik believes that if most users migrate to more specialized, lower-gas-cost state forms, Ethereum can simultaneously maintain decentralization, high scalability, and reserve the full dynamic state for applications like DeFi that truly require complete functionality.