China has already become a society with high social mobility on a global scale, and since ancient times, it has established pathways for social class mobility through the imperial examination system.

After studying India’s caste system, the wealth gap in Bangladesh, and Malaysia’s Malay preference policies, I deeply feel the civilization of Chinese culture—Chinese civilization fundamentally recognizes the variability of individuals and the non-fixed nature of social positions.
Since modern times, the Xinhai Revolution, land reforms, the Cultural Revolution, and the reform and opening-up have thoroughly cleared out the old aristocracy, providing ample opportunities for social mobility.
China has always held the revolutionary tradition of “Noblemen and princes, is it a matter of bloodline?”—a significant difference from South Asian cultures represented by India.
In Chinese culture, the legitimacy of power does not come from bloodline but from “Mandate of Heaven”—and the Mandate of Heaven can be transferred.
It can be said that the surface of Chinese culture is Confucian morality with the Three Bonds and Five Constants, but at its core, it is pragmatic competition among various factions: China has the Hundred Schools of Thought, with Confucianism providing moral order for stable governance, while in chaotic times, it switches to Legalism, Daoism, and the School of Diplomacy.
Overseas Chinese also uphold a similar pragmatic spirit, leading in business.