Many people didn't understand Google's news about "Quantum computers potentially cracking encryption systems by 2029." Its core is actually a warning, not an immediate threat. The principle is that only wallets with exposed public keys will be vulnerable at that time. Here's a simple example: Suppose in 2029, you have 50 BTC in a Ledger hardware wallet. If you haven't moved them( and they are only passively stored), these coins on the blockchain only show the address hash, and the public key has not been revealed, so they are safe. Only when you initiate a transfer or sign a transaction, the public key will be broadcast to the blockchain( and become public). At that point, a quantum computer could use Shor's algorithm to derive the private key from the public key and crack it. Therefore, upgrading your hardware wallet in advance or using a new address for transactions are effective ways to counter future quantum threats.