Key points are as follows:

1. Iranian action
• Starting July 12, Iran announced it would close the Strait, saying foreign powers’ interference has led to “insecurity,” and warning that any vessels violating the rules will be targeted.
• On July 13, the foreign minister made a tough statement: “Iran is the guardian of the Strait,” rejecting the U.S. demand for fees, saying, “Whoever provides security gets paid, but 20% is too high.”
2. U.S. countermeasures
• Trump announced the restoration of a maritime blockade on Iran (to begin on July 14), requiring a 20% “toll fee” on cargo transiting through the Strait, and threatening to strike non-compliant vessels.
• The U.S. military said “passage is still ongoing,” but in reality shipping has already dropped sharply; some tankers also shut off transponders to pass covertly.
3. International response
• China called for “restoring free and unrestricted passage as soon as possible,” stressing that it aligns with the interests of all parties.
• Iran warned that any country cooperating with the U.S. will face “war risk,” with regional conflicts or spillover effects.
4. Potential impact
• Global energy markets are sensitive; if the Strait remains closed for a long time, oil prices could see severe swings.
• Both sides keep the option of escalating force; experts predict the “fighting while negotiating” approach may continue.