📰✨ TODAY IN HISTORY ✨📰

📆 July 12

📜 Events:

⚔️ 70 — The Roman armies led by Titus break through the walls of Jerusalem after a six-month siege, paving the way for the destruction of the Second Temple.

🏰 1191 — Saladin’s garrison surrenders to the Crusaders, ending the Siege of Acre during the Third Crusade.

👑 1806 — Under the influence of Napoleon Bonaparte, the Confederation of the Rhine is created, decisively weakening the Holy Roman-German Empire.

🚜 1943 — The Battle of Prokhorovka takes place, one of the largest tank confrontations in history, during the Battle of Kursk in World War II.

🇸🇹 1975 — São Tomé and Príncipe gains independence from Portugal.

🏆⚽ 1998 — France defeats Brazil 3-0 and wins its first FIFA World Cup.

💥 2006 — The Lebanon War begins, a conflict between Israel and Hezbollah that would last 34 days.

⭐ Births:

📚 1817 — Henry David Thoreau, American writer, philosopher, and naturalist.

🎨 1884 — Amedeo Modigliani, Italian painter and sculptor.

🎓 1900 — Anísio Teixeira, Brazilian educator and one of the greatest advocates of public education.

🖋️ 1904 — Pablo Neruda, Chilean poet and Nobel Prize in Literature winner.

💻 1972 — Sundar Pichai, Indo-American executive and CEO of Google and Alphabet.

🕊️ 1997 — Malala Yousafzai, Pakistani activist and Nobel Peace Prize winner.

⚽🇧🇷 2000 — Vinícius Júnior, Brazilian footballer.

🕊️ Deaths:

📖 1536 — Erasmus of Rotterdam, Dutch philosopher and humanist.

🇺🇸 1804 — Alexander Hamilton, statesman and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.

⚖️ 1935 — Alfred Dreyfus, French officer whose case marked the history of justice and the fight against antisemitism in France.

📰 1969 — Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Brazilian journalist and director of the newspaper O Estado de S. Paulo.

⚽ 1990 — João Saldanha, Brazilian journalist and football coach.

🎷 2010 — Paulo Moura, Brazilian musician, saxophonist, and clarinetist.

🎬 2025 — Jean-Claude Bernardet, Belgian-Brazilian actor, filmmaker, writer, and film critic.

📍 Holidays and Cyclical Events:

🇧🇷 Brazil:

🌳 Forest Engineer’s Day.

🎶 National Funk Day.

🎉 Anniversary of the municipalities of Aracatu, Malhada de Pedras, and Lajedinho (BA).

🎉 Anniversary of the municipality of Casinhas (PE).

🎉 Anniversary of the municipality of Diamante do Sul (PR).

🎉 Anniversary of the municipality of Parazinho (RN).

✨ Knowing history is understanding the past, valuing the present, and building a future with more wisdom. See you tomorrow with another Today in History! 📚🌍$XRP ‌#IsraelStrikesIranBTCPlunges #PredictWorldCupShare20000U $HBAR ‌