On the other hand, a large number of small and medium-sized AI startups and independent research teams are suffering from computing power restrictions. AWS's H100 clusters experienced wait times of up to 8 to 12 months in 2023 to 2024, and cloud computing bills often exceeded several million US dollars.



It is under such severe supply shortages that the decentralized physical infrastructure network (DePIN) track has rapidly emerged.

As of the end of March 2026, the total market value of the DePIN track was approximately $9.42B, with nearly 250 active projects tracked by CoinGecko.

This sector reached a peak market value of about $19.2 billion in September 2025, representing an approximately 270% year-over-year growth compared to $5.2 billion in the same period of 2024.
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