Lately I keep seeing the term “modular chain.” It sounds pretty grand, but when you zoom in on end users, it boils down to this: you click confirm once, and behind the scenes it gets split into several parts that are handled separately. If it’s done well, what you feel is more stable confirmations, fewer hiccups, and—occasionally—slightly cheaper transaction fees. If it’s done poorly, what you feel is bouncing back and forth, bridging here and there, with a whole list of unfamiliar network names cluttering your wallet—exhausting just to look at.

What I care about most is still “fees” and “mood.” When fees are low, people are more willing to operate more frequently; when their mood gets carried away, they might treat slippage as if they didn’t see it… Conversely, when fees are high, it actually forces people to slow down. Recently, someone has been using ETF fund flows and the risk appetite from the US stock market to explain crypto upswings and downswings. Hearing that too often makes me want to move lighter: if one transaction can solve it, don’t split it into three; if you can use fewer signatures, use fewer; first, pull yourself out of the noise.