Today, the rain is stuffy and congested again, and the coffee in the car has gone cold from sitting... The feeling is similar when browsing on-chain: the word "modular" sounds very hardcore, but for us end-users, honestly, it boils down to two things—less pain in the wallet, and not having the experience constantly stuck like a PPT.

In the past, a single chain did everything itself; congestion = gas fees skyrocketing = confirming a transaction feels like opening a blind box. Now, execution, data, and consensus are separated, each doing their own thing. In theory, the mainnet is more like a "settlement layer," with daily operations moved to second layers or rollups. What you see is: the same actions are cheaper and faster, with fewer failures. But there are costs too: more bridges for cross-chain transfers, assets scattered around, and sometimes you have to figure out “which layer is this transaction actually on.” My current money-saving tricks are still the old three: avoid peak mint times, batch operations, and if possible, use L2 instead of forcing everything on L1 (otherwise, gas fees will really make me laugh out loud).

By the way, recently the NFT royalty debate has been heated, which also relates to this: with modularity, multi-market, and multi-layer setups, liquidity has increased, but “automatically paying creators by default” is actually harder to enforce technically. In the end, it comes back to market rules and community consensus... Anyway, I’ll just watch for now, so I don’t have to search through a bunch of routes every time I make a transaction to see “who actually received how much from me.”