Recently, the narrative around modularization and the DA layer has become popular again, with developers talking excitedly, while ordinary users are mostly confused. Actually, don’t be intimidated by the terminology; I’ll focus on one main thread: the thing you submit is first seen by someone (data availability), then queued according to whose rules (ordering), and finally considered truly finalized (finality). If these three steps go smoothly, many questions like “Why did I click but it didn’t succeed?” can be explained—sometimes it’s like constantly refreshing/retrying in an app, only to find it’s not your poor internet, but that it’s queuing, or it hasn’t even put the data in a place where everyone can verify yet. To put it simply, when I look at a protocol, I first check if this chain of processes is stable, then see how the incentives are designed; no matter how good the story sounds, I put that aside first.