It is interesting to trace how far the power of the Ottoman Empire once extended. I came across data on which countries were under its control, and the scale is truly astonishing.

In Europe, the Turks held a firm grip for centuries. Turkey itself was occupied for 623 years, Bulgaria experienced 515 years of rule, North Macedonia about 542 years. Greece is interesting because different regions were liberated at different times — some after 370 years, others after 520 years. Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina — all spent from 399 to 419 years under Ottoman control. Even distant regions like Croatia were partially under this rule, but only for 147 years.

Looking at the Caucasus, the situation was similar. Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan — all regions felt the empire’s influence. Dagestan and Kabardia in Russia remained under control for about 355 years.

In the Middle East, the Ottoman Empire was the full-fledged ruler. Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, Lebanon — almost all these territories were under its rule for about 400 years. Saudi Arabia, especially Hijaz and Najd, was also under control for approximately 393 years.

In Africa, the picture is even more impressive. Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Tunisia, Sudan — all North African lands were part of this vast empire. Some regions remained under rule for over 380 years. Even along the East African coast, in Somalia and Djibouti, there was Ottoman administration, though not always for such a long duration.

When you see all these numbers together, it becomes clear — the Ottoman Empire was one of the longest-lasting and most territorially extensive empires in history. Its influence spanned three continents and left a deep mark on the culture, language, and history of dozens of countries.