Anatoly Yakovenko warns that Ethereum's Layer 2 faces quantum threats

On May 2, 2026, Yakovenko from Solana wrote: "Layer 2 encryption layers in Ethereum are not quantum secure, so forget all hope."
This statement comes at a critical time, as Bitcoin also faces quantum risks.
Furthermore, his comments responded to an update from developers showing that Solana is making progress in post-quantum cryptography.

The update demonstrated work on integrating the Falcon-512 signature verification system, a system resistant to future attacks that could be launched by quantum computers.
Internal activities among Solana clients, such as Anza and Firedancer, indicate that the network is moving toward deploying these protections in production environments.

Criticism focuses on the fact that Ethereum's Layer 2 networks still rely on cryptographic systems vulnerable to compromise if quantum computing breakthroughs occur.
Most Layer 2 user wallets continue to depend on the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA), with the common secp256k1 curve.

After transactions are broadcast, related public keys can be seen on the blockchain.
These keys could be at risk of exploitation in the long term if quantum decryption tools are released.

This has led to a situation of "exploit now, decrypt later," as one of Solana's founders warned.
In such a scenario, attackers could store transaction data today and later use quantum computers with Shor's algorithm to decrypt it.
This type of development has the potential to enable adversaries to reconstruct private keys and gain unauthorized access to funds.

In addition to digital wallet security, some zero-knowledge systems used in aggregation processes may carry theoretical risks.
Technologies like Groth16 and Plonk, which are typical for zkEVM designs, rely on elliptic curve pairings.
These techniques could be vulnerable to attacks in advanced quantum computing environments.
Networks that use these frameworks include Arbitrum, Optimism, Base, and zkSync.