Recently, someone asked me how much retail investors need to understand about block builders and bundling... I feel like, don't push yourself to become a researcher. Just knowing the general idea is enough: your transactions may not be added to blocks in a strict "queue" manner; they might be bundled together and inserted all at once, whoever offers better conditions (money/priority/not causing trouble) gets included first. To put it simply: don't be too superstitious about "once I click, it should execute immediately."

I only remember two points: first, don't use overly aggressive slippage during very crowded times; second, if you see obvious sandwich attacks or strange executions, pause first, try a different time, switch routing or set a limit order, don't force it. The macro environment is also arguing about rate cut expectations, whether the US dollar index and risk assets move together or inversely... Anyway, when the environment gets volatile, these "small on-chain moves" will feel more obvious. For now, that's it. Once I draw a small diagram of the recent bundling paths, I’ll share it. Feel free to keep arguing in the comments.