Recently, people keep asking me how much retail investors need to understand about block builders and the bundle process. To put it simply, don’t push yourself to become a researcher: just remember that "the transactions you send may not be included in the block in the order you want," someone will bundle, cut in line, or insert your transaction. This isn’t mysticism; it’s a business.

For retail investors, roughly three points are enough: 1) Don’t be both public and impatient on the same transaction (setting too large a slippage, chasing highs and selling lows are the easiest ways to become prey); 2) If you need to perform on-chain operations, use a reliable wallet/router, try to go through protected channels, don’t go naked; 3) Don’t blindly believe that “what I see in the mempool is the truth,” most of the time, what you see is just what you’re allowed to see.

Modularization and Layer 1 development are making developers extremely excited, and it’s normal for users to be confused… but no matter how the underlying layers are broken down, in the end, it comes down to how transactions are ordered and who is taking the spread. Understanding this much is enough to protect yourself; if you want to dig into more details, we can discuss later. There’s no point rushing—just start with this.