Core Development Directions of Future Energy

1. Renewable Energy: Mainstreaming (Wind and Solar Dominance)

Photovoltaics: Popularization of N-type cells (TOPCon/HJT/BC), breakthroughs in perovskite tandem efficiency (lab >32%); BIPV, large-scale sand and gravel bases, agricultural/fishery solar complementarity become mainstream.
Wind Power: Large-scale, deep-sea, floating (offshore 26MW+ units); integration of wind power with hydrogen production/storage.
Position: By 2026, photovoltaic installed capacity is expected to surpass coal power, with wind and solar combined capacity exceeding 50%.

2. New Energy Storage: Explosive Growth (Ballast)

Solve the intermittency and instability issues of new energy sources.

Short-term Storage: Lithium-ion, sodium-ion batteries (low cost), solid-state batteries (500Wh/kg+).
Long-term Storage: Pumped hydro, compressed air, flow batteries, thermal storage.
System Forms: Grid-connected storage, Virtual Power Plants (VPP), shared storage.

3. Green Hydrogen: Core of Industrial Decarbonization (Energy Hub)

Production: Wind and solar electrolysis for green hydrogen to replace gray hydrogen.
Applications: Decarbonization in steel, chemicals, synthetic ammonia industries; heavy transportation like trucks, ships, aircraft; long-term storage.

4. Advanced Nuclear Energy: Long-term Guarantee (Baseload Support)

Fission: Fourth-generation nuclear power, small modular reactors (SMR), safer and more flexible.
Fusion: "Artificial Sun" (ITER, EAST) enters engineering validation, regarded as the ultimate energy source.

5. Energy Systems: Intelligence + Digitalization (Dispatching Core)

Smart Grid: AI dispatching, flexible transmission, microgrids.
Digitalization: Energy Internet, digital twins, blockchain traceability.
Electrification: Full-scale electrification of terminals (transportation, industry, buildings), electricity as the core energy carrier.

6. Multi-energy Integration and Negative Carbon (System Reconfiguration)

Integration: Wind, solar, storage, hydrogen, ammonia multi-energy complementarity, integrated energy stations.
CCUS/Carbon Cycle: Carbon capture, utilization, and storage to achieve negative emissions.
Energy Efficiency Revolution: AI + IoT for comprehensive energy saving.

Summary

Short-term (10 years): Wind, solar + storage dominate, deep electrification of power.
Mid-term (20–30 years): Industrialization of green hydrogen, large-scale advanced nuclear energy.
Long-term (30+ years): Commercialization of controllable nuclear fusion, near-infinite, zero-carbon energy.