Recently, I have been studying layer 2 scaling technologies in depth and found that the truly interesting aspect is that it is not just a simple narrative of scaling, but a trade-off across three dimensions—performance, cost, and security.

How does it work specifically? The core idea is very clear: move transactions and computations off-chain, and record the final results on the main chain. What are the benefits of doing this? First, gas fees can be significantly reduced; second, a large volume of high-frequency transactions no longer congest the main chain; but most importantly, you don’t have to sacrifice security to lower costs—the security guarantees of the main chain remain intact. This is truly important for the future when aiming to attract large-scale real users and applications.

From an implementation perspective, DeFi applications, blockchain games, and payment scenarios are particularly well-suited for this solution. Imagine: fast transaction speeds, low latency, and user experience approaching that of traditional internet applications, while still enjoying the benefits of decentralization. That’s why more and more developers are starting to focus on this direction, moving beyond theoretical discussions.

Once the infrastructure is well-developed, increased network activity and transaction volume will directly reflect in the economic model. But in the long run, the projects that truly survive cycles are not short-term trends, but the underlying infrastructure capable of supporting applications and users. If progress is made steadily according to plan, the value of the ecosystem will come more from expanding real use cases rather than just price fluctuations. For those paying attention to mid- and long-term logic, this direction is worth continuous monitoring.