It's time to re-examine the technical architecture design of L2.

Currently, most L2 solutions follow the path of centralized sequencers, which seemingly can improve performance. In reality, this opens Pandora's box of censorship, operational risks, and post-compliance issues. Excessive concentration of power in the hands of the sequencer leads to a buildup of problems.

Zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) offers an alternative approach. The core idea is simple and powerful: a ZK-based client proof system. It takes execution rights away from the shared sequencer and returns them to the user side. On-chain verification becomes lightweight—only needing to verify whether a proof is correct, rather than parsing and processing the entire transaction data.

This approach preserves the performance advantages of L2 while avoiding governance risks caused by centralization. The separation of execution rights and verification rights makes the entire system more robust.