The public chain track in 2025 has entered the true "race year." This is not just a simple performance comparison but a comprehensive contest around programmability, compatibility, and ecological adaptability.

Once claiming to adhere to "value storage," Bitcoin, after intense debates about "purity," has seen the reformers win. Bitcoin officially enters its programmable era.

The most direct signal comes from the Bitcoin Core v30 upgrade. Led by Antoine Poinsot and his team, they pushed for key configuration changes—raising the OP_RETURN data limit from the old 80 bytes to 4MB. This seemingly simple change actually opens up new possibilities for Bitcoin at the application layer.

Ethereum is also not resting. Two major hard forks have been implemented in succession, strengthening the scalability infrastructure, while also partnering with AI to build a brand-new ecological system.

Solana and BNB Chain are pushing performance to the limit, with sub-second block times and millions of TPS becoming a reality. Emerging players like Hyperliquid and Base are also expanding from vertical tracks to full-featured ecosystems, as no one wants to fall behind.

This year's competition among public chains has evolved to a new stage. It’s no longer just about speed but about who can better build a complete Web3 infrastructure ecosystem.