I’m not very good at researching those very low-level things, but for block builders and this whole bundle setup, retail investors only need to understand a few plainspoken points: the transactions you send might not get included in a block right away—along the way, someone could bundle them, reorder them, or even “clip in” and sandwich them. The price you see isn’t necessarily the price you actually get filled at, especially once slippage gets big—it's like putting a sign at the door that says “Welcome, come grab it.” So my bottom-line operating rules now are: don’t randomly set unlimited approvals/limits, don’t force your way through when the network is congested, and if private transactions or anti–sandwich/anti-MEV-style protection features are available, use them (at the very least, don’t expose yourself in the public mempool). Slippage is better to be smaller, even if that means slower execution.

On the macro side, people are also talking about rate-cut expectations, the U.S. dollar index, and risk assets all acting erratically together. When things get frantic, everyone likes to chase after trades, and that actually makes it easier to be “taught a lesson” through ordering… In plain terms, don’t treat bundles as some kind of magic—they’re just something where certain people are better at cutting the line.