Old Huang is turning NVIDIA from a seller of shovels into building a whole gold mine; an end-to-end system is the true form of an AI factory.

Huang Renxun at GTC Taipei 2026 described Vera Rubin as an end-to-end system—not just a chip or GPU. The full stack includes Rubin GPU, NVLink, Vera CPU, ConnectX-9, BlueField-4 DPU, and DOCA. Agents handle GPU inference, CPU scheduling, and cross-CPU/GPU tool calls, with end-to-end encryption throughout enabled by the BlueField DPU. The memory system is innovating storage through KV cache and retrieval. CUDA X will have Skills, and Agents will be able to learn how to call libraries. NVIDIA is transforming from a GPU company into a systems company, building AI factory-level infrastructure.