As DeFi moves towards automated execution, the nature of the problem is quietly changing.

In the past, system crashes were often due to human judgment errors. Now, it's different — code executes flawlessly, but the underlying assumptions have never been questioned. Once fund flows become automated, the risk shifts from "operational intent" to "logical verification." This is the key point.

In an automated market, every trade is based on the evaluation of preset conditions. Behind seemingly precise algorithms lies a fatal problem: what happens in extreme market conditions when all participants follow the same logical rules? From asset custody to price oracles to liquidation mechanisms, a single assumption failure in any link can trigger a chain reaction.

This is why the fault tolerance of the infrastructure layer has become more important than ever.