🔑 Arbitrum ecosystem cross-chain bridge attacked again; hot validator signatures become the breakthrough point

AFX Trade’s bridge key leaked, and the attacker used hot validator signature approval to withdraw 24.15 million USDC. Arbitrum’s official statement said its native bridge was not affected, but security issues with third-party bridges in the ecosystem once again ring an alarm.
The core of this attack is the “hot validator signature”—validator node private keys are stored online, and once leaked they can be used to forge signatures. Previous bridge attacks such as Ronin and Wormhole involved similar mechanisms. Although AFX Trade’s loss is smaller than past major cases, $24 million is still a blow to trust in the L2 ecosystem and will require time to recover.
For ARB holders, native bridge security is a bottom line, but recurring incidents involving third-party ecosystem bridges will weigh down the overall narrative. What to watch next: whether AFX Trade can recover the funds, and whether Arbitrum will tighten auditing requirements for ecosystem bridges?
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