Monad is a highly optimized Layer 1 public chain, fully compatible with EVM, achieving extreme performance of 10,000 TPS and 0.4 seconds block time through innovations such as parallel execution and delayed consensus. It balances speed, security, and decentralization, providing enterprise-level infrastructure for Web3 developers and accelerating the expansion and implementation of the Ethereum ecosystem.
The performance breakthroughs and positioning of Monad
Monad aims to solve the classic trilemma of blockchain: speed, security, and decentralization. It serves as an EVM-compatible Layer 1 public chain, achieving 10,000 transactions per second (10,000 TPS), 0.4 seconds block time, and 0.8 seconds final confirmation through a new architecture. This design not only maintains the development convenience of Ethereum but also significantly enhances the practicality and scalability potential of on-chain applications.
Four core technological innovations
The high performance of Monad comes from four complementary modules. First is optimistic parallel execution, which allows multiple non-conflicting transactions to be processed simultaneously, verifying only after assuming no conflicts, significantly improving throughput. Second, delayed execution separates consensus from execution, sorting transactions before execution, greatly accelerating the overall process. Third, MonadDB uses SSDs to store state, lowering hardware thresholds, allowing general devices to run nodes. Finally, MonadBFT consensus and RaptorCast propagation optimize block stability and distribution efficiency, together creating an enterprise-level performance foundation.
Token Economy: Community-Oriented Long-Term Design
The total supply of MON tokens is fixed at 100 billion, with no private placement or pre-mining, emphasizing fairness and sustainability. In terms of distribution, the community and ecosystem account for 41.8% (41.8 billion), used for airdrops, incentives, and development; the team and investors account for 46.7% (46.7 billion), to be gradually released after a one-year lock-up; the foundation accounts for 11.5% (11.5 billion), supporting ecosystem construction.
The circulation rate is controlled at 10.8% on the first day, with a block reward of 25 coins (annual inflation 2%), and all gas fees are burned to achieve dynamic balance.
The key differences between Monad and Ethereum
Compared to Ethereum, Monad has optimized the contract size to 128KB, adjusted the opcode costs, and supports secp256r1 (P256) verification, enhancing virtual machine efficiency. Transaction billing is based on gas limit rather than actual usage, introducing Reserve Balance to prevent DOS; it does not support EIP-4844 blobs and adopts a leader dissemination model instead of a shared mempool. These changes ensure stability under high throughput, but sacrifice some historical query functionality, making Monad more suitable for instant and large-scale applications.
The ecological value of Monad
Monad not only pursues ultimate speed but also promotes true decentralization through low node thresholds. It allows developers to migrate Ethereum applications without code changes, reducing cross-chain costs and accelerating the implementation of DeFi, RWA, and AI applications. Monad represents a new generation standard for Layer 1 public chains, providing commercially competitive infrastructure for Web3.
Summary
Monad is based on EVM compatibility and redefines the possibilities of high-performance public chains through innovations such as parallel execution, MonadDB, and MonadBFT. It not only addresses the bottlenecks of traditional blockchains but also ensures long-term stability with a community-oriented economic model. The emergence of Monad injects strong momentum into the Ethereum ecosystem, heralding a scalable explosion of Web3 applications.
* The information is not intended to be and does not constitute financial advice or any other recommendation of any sort offered or endorsed by Gate.
