Crypto staking regulation covers how SEC securities rules apply to protocol, custodial and liquid staking, what exchanges must consider when structuring staking services, and how U.S. investors report staking rewards for tax purposes.

Crypto custody regulation governs how banks, exchanges and other custodians safeguard digital assets. Key requirements cover private-key control, customer asset segregation, AML/KYC, cybersecurity and institutional risk management.

Crypto exchange licensing allows exchanges to provide regulated crypto services in specific jurisdictions. Requirements can include AML/KYC controls, capital safeguards, governance, transaction monitoring and regulatory reporting.

CFTC crypto enforcement focuses on derivatives, leveraged retail transactions, fraud and manipulation involving digital assets, while SEC oversight generally applies to securities and investment contracts.

A concise reference to SEC crypto enforcement, including the Howey Test, BlockFi, Kraken, Celsius, Terraform Labs, 2025 case dismissals, the Crypto Task Force and the SEC's 2026 digital-asset framework.

Russia regulates crypto derivatives through licensed financial infrastructure, investor qualification rules and exchange-traded instruments including MOEX perpetual futures linked to major crypto indices.

Russia’s crypto exchange framework requires eligible trading platforms and crypto exchangers to obtain regulated status, meet capital and operational standards, follow AML rules and observe investor-access limits.

Russia’s new crypto rules bring brokers, exchanges, crypto exchangers and digital depositories into a regulated market, with licensing requirements, retail purchase limits and Bank of Russia supervision. The framework is especially relevant to retail and qualified investors, financial institutions, brokers, exchanges and custody providers that need to understand which intermediaries can legally handle cryptocurrency transactions and what investor-access rules apply.

Bank stablecoin regulation sets boundaries between payment stablecoins and bank deposits, covering issuer licensing, 1:1 reserve assets, liquidity, AML compliance, consumer protection and banking-system risks.

Bank stablecoin regulation governs how U.S. banks, approved subsidiaries and nonbank entities can issue or support payment stablecoins under the GENIUS Act, including reserve, redemption, disclosure and AML requirements.

U.S. Bitcoin spot trading is governed by overlapping commodity, securities, AML, tax and state rules. This reference explains the CFTC, SEC, FinCEN, FINRA and exchange oversight framework.

Bitcoin is legal to own, buy, sell, mine, and use in the United States, but it is not legal tender. This reference explains CFTC commodity treatment, SEC jurisdiction, FinCEN rules, taxation, state licensing, and recent federal developments.

Russia’s crypto custody framework regulates digital depositories that record and safeguard cryptocurrency and digital rights. This page covers registration, capital requirements, key controls, investor access and transition dates.

Russia’s digital depository framework regulates custody, ownership records and transfers of cryptocurrencies and digital rights, with Bank of Russia registration, capital standards and investor-protection requirements.

The Bank of Russia has proposed new prudential rules limiting banks’ cryptocurrency and foreign digital instrument exposure to 1% of capital while introducing N31 and N32 risk ratios, reporting requirements and conservative capital treatment.