Question 1

What is Nano?

Accepted Answer

Nano (NANO) is a native digital currency intended for fast, borderless peer-to-peer payments, with zero protocol-layer on-chain fees as a design feature. It is not an ordinary token built on another chain, but the native asset of the Nano network. “Zero on-chain fees” describes how the protocol charges for ordinary transfers; it does not mean every use case is entirely cost-free. Wallet providers, exchanges, or conversion services may charge separate service fees, and users should still review the rules of the service they use before making a payment.

Question 2

Why is Nano's block-lattice ledger suited to payment use cases?

Accepted Answer

Nano uses a block-lattice ledger: each account maintains its own account-chain, rather than having all accounts' transactions wait to be written into one shared block. When sending or receiving, the relevant account updates its own ledger record. This structure allows updates to unrelated accounts to propagate in parallel; the network must still confirm conflicting transactions through its consensus process. Thus, independent account-chain updates explain its payment-oriented processing approach, but should not be understood to mean that every transaction will complete instantly under all network conditions.

Question 3

How does Open Representative Voting (ORV) confirm transactions, and does delegation lock NANO?

Accepted Answer

Nano uses Open Representative Voting (ORV) to confirm conflicting transactions. Account holders choose representatives and delegate voting weight corresponding to their balances to those representatives; representatives vote on conflicting blocks, and the network uses this to determine the version that should be confirmed. What is delegated is voting weight, not NANO transferred to a representative, and assets do not need to be locked. Holders retain control of their private keys and funds and can change representatives; a representative's voting weight changes with the balances delegated to it, rather than being generated through staking rewards.

Question 4

How was NANO initially distributed, and what happened to undistributed balances?

Accepted Answer

NANO's early distribution used a CAPTCHA faucet. Participants received distributions after completing a CAPTCHA, rather than receiving newly issued coins through ongoing mining or subsequent staking issuance. This distribution ran from late 2015 to October 2017. After the faucet stopped, undistributed balances were burned; this distinction matters because “unclaimed” tokens were not retained as reserves for future additional distribution.

Question 5

Will NANO continue to be issued? What is the difference between fixed supply and circulating supply?

Accepted Answer

Nano's final supply is approximately 133,248,297 NANO, and the protocol no longer issues new coins. Therefore, the network does not increase the total NANO supply through the protocol in the manner of ongoing block rewards. A fixed final supply does not mean circulating supply remains unchanged forever. Tokens may be unable to participate in market circulation because of lost private keys, transfers to burn addresses, or other availability factors; such changes do not create new coins or alter the fact that the protocol no longer issues additional supply.

Question 6

What should I keep in mind when transferring NANO?

Accepted Answer

Before sending NANO, first confirm that the recipient supports the Nano network and carefully check the address. Nano's protocol-layer transfers are designed for zero fees, but when using an exchange, custodial wallet, or conversion service, the final cost may also include that service's fees. After a transaction is submitted, the network processes confirmation according to the ORV process; a sender cannot treat a confirmed transfer as a payment that can be freely reversed. Incorrect addresses, incompatible networks or services, and similar issues generally cannot be resolved through a protocol-layer “recall,” so a small test transfer and checking recipient information can help reduce operational risk.

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