Lumoz launches SVM as a Service, supporting the integration of ZK with TEE multiple proofs of SVM L2

Source: Lumoz

Background

In recent years, the rapid development of blockchain technology has driven innovation in multiple areas such as DeFi, NFT, and AI. Solana, as a high-speed, low-cost blockchain, has gained widespread attention due to its unique consensus mechanism and high throughput. In large-scale application scenarios, L2 chains or application chains based on SVM have broad market space.

Against this background, Lumoz has proposed an innovative SVM chain solution (Lumoz SVM Stack) based on the SVM execution layer, combined with unique ZK and TEE technologies, bringing a fresh perspective to the industry. With its efficient scalable architecture and optimized algorithms, Lumoz SVM Stack not only provides high transaction throughput and processing speed for the SVM chain, but also ensures security and decentralization.

Architecture

Lumoz SVM Stack is a general L2 solution based on the SVM trading execution layer. It adopts a modular architecture, which separates various functions into different modules to ensure flexibility and scalability. This architecture includes multiple core layers: supporting Ethereum and Solana as settlement layers, Celestia, Avail, etc. as data availability layers, and supporting various types of proofs such as SP1 and SGX. These designs combined with the SVM execution environment constitute an efficient and customizable modular Layer 2 solution. Ultimately, the vision of Lumoz SVM Stack is to become the fastest and most versatile SVM-driven Layer 2 solution in the world.

Solana lacks a global state tree, which is crucial for ensuring the secure settlement of off-chain execution results back to L1. To address this issue, Lumoz combines the basic functionality of a global state tree with a Sparse Merkle Tree (LSMT), using cryptographic techniques to verify off-chain execution results, thus ensuring the security and consistency of on-chain and off-chain operations. This innovative solution not only enhances Lumoz's advantages in scalability and security, but also provides a more reliable cross-chain execution mechanism for the blockchain ecosystem.

Lumoz SVM Stack is built on the Solana Agave client code, ensuring compatibility with the Solana mainnet while fully leveraging Solana's parallel execution capabilities and unique transaction data structure. By optimizing storage logic and performance parameters, Lumoz SVM Stack maximizes Solana's native performance advantages, further enhancing system efficiency and scalability.

The current architecture design allows existing dApps in the Solana ecosystem to seamlessly migrate to the Lumoz SVM Stack network without any modification to the program code. This solution not only reduces the required resources and costs but also maintains consistent tools and developer stacks with Solana, providing developers with lower migration costs and higher development efficiency.

Conventional component composition

· Shared Sorter: Lumoz SVM Stack adopts a decentralized and transparent transaction sorting method to ensure the efficiency and credibility of network expansion. In terms of security, speed, and decentralization, Lumoz SVM Stack demonstrates significant advantages. The Shared Sorter processes multiple transactions in batches, reducing the number of individual transactions that the underlying layer needs to process, thereby greatly improving the throughput and capacity of the system. In addition, Lumoz SVM Stack also provides strong support for transaction sorting, enhancing overall performance.

· Stateless Validator: The stateless validator contract of Lumoz SVM Stack decomposes the complete validation task into small pieces and distributes these tasks to the validator network. With this design, Lumoz SVM Stack greatly reduces the hardware requirements for participants, making it easier for nodes to join or exit the network without accessing the complete blockchain state. This not only enhances the flexibility of the system, but also reduces the barriers to entry, promoting the participation of more nodes.

· Data Availability: Although Solana has strict restrictions on transaction size, which may pose a challenge for aggregation-based Data Availability (DA) solutions, Lumoz SVM Stack overcomes the limitations of Solana's native DA solution by extending the DA solution. This design ensures the security and decentralization of data management, and retains the ability to audit data on Solana, ensuring the auditability and transparency of the blockchain.

Key technology

SVM compatibility and parallel efficient execution

Solana's SVM (Solana Virtual Machine) is an efficient smart contract execution environment that can execute multiple transactions simultaneously, significantly improving throughput and reducing latency with its parallel transaction processing and state-independent design. SVM supports programming languages such as Rust and C, enabling developers to easily build high-performance decentralized applications and drive the rapid development of the Solana ecosystem.

It is worth emphasizing that the parallel execution of SVM depends on Solana's unique transaction data structure. In the Solana network, the initiator of each transaction will declare in advance the account information to be read and written. This design allows SVM to process transactions in an efficient parallel order based on this account information, ensuring that different transactions do not simultaneously read and write to the same account. Because of this, simply grafting SVM onto other execution frameworks does not bring the advantage of parallel processing.

Based on this principle, we choose to use Solana Client as the underlying execution framework to fully leverage SVM's parallel execution advantages and ensure efficient transaction processing and low latency performance throughout the system.

Supports multi-proof

Lumoz supports powerful multi-proof channels that can convert assembly-level instructions from different execution clients into arithmetic proofs systems based on algebra or polynomials. This pipeline design allows Lumoz not only to encode arithmetic using various backends such as SuperNova, Halo2, and eSTARK, but also to break free from reliance on a single protocol, providing greater flexibility and scalability.

In addition to ZK proof, Lumoz also innovatively uses SGX to achieve the generation of different types of proofs in a trusted execution environment (TEE). The code executed by SGX is the same as the code executed on zkVM, acting as a lightweight execution client. This enables all proof systems to verify the same underlying lightweight client execution, thereby enabling possible data reuse. In the SGX environment, necessary data will be signed using standard ECDSA signatures, and the signing process will be completed using SGX-specific private keys. The Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) ensures the confidentiality and integrity of the computation and is verified through remote attestation.

TEE: Using Intel SGX CPU, Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX) is a set of security-related instructions built into certain Intel CPUs to enable TEE. By using SGX chip, chip owners, system operators, and observers can have powerful encryption guarantees to ensure that no party can see what happens inside the Secret memory space.

Through the design of this multi-proof channel, Lumoz provides a more efficient, secure, and flexible solution, not only improving performance, but also enhancing cross-platform and cross-protocol compatibility, driving innovation in decentralized verification and data security in blockchain technology.

SMT-based Cryptographic Settlement Protocol (LSMT)

Lumoz's Sparse Merkle Tree (LSMT) is an innovative cryptographic data structure that combines the advantages of traditional Merkle trees and Patricia trees to efficiently store a large number of key-value pairs. Compared with traditional Merkle trees, LSMT only stores necessary nodes through its unique node organization, which usually includes non-empty value nodes or nodes on the path of leaf nodes with values. This design makes LSMT a "sparse" data structure, significantly reducing the storage space requirements.

One of the significant advantages of LSMT is its ability to provide compact proofs (Merkle proofs) to verify whether specific key-value pairs are included in the tree without revealing their specific values. This design optimizes storage and computation efficiency, especially suitable for scenarios that require efficient verification of data consistency.

In Layer 2 solutions, a key application of LSMT is state commitment and state verification. State commitment refers to submitting off-chain transactions (states on Layer 1) to Layer 2 solutions. By submitting this state on Layer 1, participants in Layer 2 can verify the validity of their off-chain transactions without disclosing the entire state or requiring Layer 1 blockchain to process each off-chain transaction. In this way, LSMT provides an efficient and secure way to achieve cross-chain verification and data commitment, reducing reliance on the underlying layer and enhancing system scalability and privacy protection capabilities.

Conclusion

By innovatively combining multiple advanced blockchain solutions such as SVM, ZK, and TEE, Lumoz provides an efficient, secure, and flexible SVM general L2/application chain solution. By leveraging the parallel processing advantages of the SVM execution layer, combined with sparse Merkle tree (LSMT) data validation, Lumoz is able to significantly increase transaction throughput and processing speed while ensuring security and decentralization. In addition, Lumoz's zk and SGX multi-proof pipeline technology provides strong support for secure transaction execution, further enhancing cross-chain interaction and data processing efficiency.

With the continuous development of decentralized applications and blockchain technology, Lumoz's architecture not only provides developers with a more flexible development environment, but also effectively reduces transaction costs and promotes the application and popularization of blockchain technology in various fields. In the future, Lumoz is expected to become one of the most universal and scalable Layer 2 solutions, promoting the further development of public chains such as Solana, and laying a solid foundation for the sustainability and innovation of the blockchain ecosystem.

This article is contributed and does not represent the viewpoint of BlockBeats