Pectra Upgrade: A Key Step for Ethereum Towards Mass Adoption

The Pectra upgrade is the largest hard fork bundled upgrade on Ethereum since The Merge, comprising 11 Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIP), aimed at reducing data costs, simplifying smart account operations, and optimizing validator operations.

Main Improvements

• EIP-7691 doubles the Blob target capacity to 6, increasing the hard limit to 9. This reduces the Gas fees for L1 data availability (DA) to below about 1 Gwei, and the main L2 exchange fees also briefly dropped to below about $0.2.

• EIP-7702 allows each externally owned account (EOA) to convert to a smart account through a single transaction, enabling gas fee sponsorship, stablecoin fee payment, and bulk user experience without the need for contract migration.

• EIP-7251 raises the validator cap to 2,048 Ether, significantly reducing DevOps costs for large operators without significantly affecting decentralization.

PeerDAS will be the next step in the Fusaka upgrade, and its importance to Roll-up far exceeds any single EIP in Pectra.

Impact and Progress

Arbitrum

• No need to rewrite code, but each Arbitrum instance must upgrade the embedded Geth client.
• BoLD's permissionless fraud proof has entered the testnet and is planned to go live on the mainnet before the fourth quarter.
• Stylus compiles hundreds of Rust/C contracts daily
• TimeBoost has replaced the "first-price auction" mechanism in the Arbitrum sorter memory pool.

Starknet

• Pectra mainly adjusted the Blob cost model of Starknet.
• Staking v2( will be released this quarter according to block reward proof ).
• Sorter as a Service ( will be launched in 2025

) EthStorage

• Higher Blob activity is conducive to providing continuous storage incentives.
• 732 validators increased the staking amount to over 32 Ether within 48 hours.
• Plan to fund the first ten transactions of users using the payer.

Future Outlook

• PeerDAS is considered the foundation of the entire L2 roadmap and will significantly enhance data availability.
• Verkle trees and the expiration of historical data will jointly optimize storage space utilization.
• Proposals such as SSZ object transactions and contract size of 128 KB are being advanced.

Macroeconomic Impact

• L2 throughput is expected to show compound growth, with Ethereum as the settlement layer capturing the entire flywheel effect.
• Developer retention rate is trending healthy, Web2 teams are starting to experiment with AA wallets and subsidy-based Blobs.
• Security budget repricing, idle staking gradually shifting towards active validation services

The Pectra upgrade has bridged the user experience gap, paving the way for PeerDAS to enhance data availability by 25 times. The synergy between the highly modular Roll-up stack and the continuously expanding L1 capacity curve creates a unique technological advantage.