Let's talk about Private Permissioned L1s—a different beast altogether.

Private means blockchain access gets locked down tight. Only the validator set can control who gets in and what happens on the network.

Permissioned takes it further: you can't just spin up a validator whenever you want. Someone needs to give you the green light first.

Why does this matter? Institutions and governments need this setup. They want the transparency and security benefits of blockchain, but they also need regulatory guardrails and control over their network. It's the bridge between traditional enterprise requirements and blockchain innovation.