Since The Merge transformed Ethereum's consensus mechanism in 2022, developers have continued searching for ways to make the network faster, cheaper, more secure, and capable of supporting billions of users. While Layer-2 solutions have improved scalability, Ethereum's core protocol is now preparing for another major leap forward.
On **July 4**, Ethereum co-founder **Vitalik Buterin** introduced the **Lean Ethereum** roadmap—a long-term vision expected to unfold over the next **three to four years** through multiple protocol upgrades.
Rather than focusing on one improvement, Lean Ethereum proposes a complete modernization of the blockchain's foundation.
Lean Ethereum 並不只專注於單一改善，而是提出對區塊鏈基礎架構的全面現代化。
The roadmap introduces **recursive STARK verification**, **1–2 round transaction finality**, **multidimensional gas pricing**, and **quantum-resistant cryptography**, while also making **privacy a core protocol feature instead of an optional add-on**.
該路線圖引入了**遞迴 STARK 驗證**、**1–2 輪交易最終性**、**多維度 Gas 定價**，以及**抗量子密碼學**，同時將**隱私作為核心協議功能，而非可選附加項目**。
Together, these upgrades aim to improve efficiency, scalability, security, and user experience across the entire Ethereum ecosystem.
這些升級共同旨在提升整個以太坊生態系統的效率、可擴展性、安全性與用戶體驗。
𝗚𝗔𝗦 𝗙𝗘𝗘𝗦 𝗖𝗢𝗨𝗟𝗗 𝗙𝗔𝗟𝗟 𝗕𝗬 𝗠𝗢𝗥𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗔𝗡 𝟭𝟬𝗫
Gas 費用可能下降超過 10 倍
One of the most exciting goals is dramatically reducing transaction costs.
其中最令人振奮的目標之一，是大幅降低交易成本。
According to the roadmap, protocol improvements could lower Ethereum gas fees by **more than ten times**, making on-chain transactions significantly more affordable.
根據路線圖，協議改善可將以太坊 Gas 費用降低**超過十倍**，使鏈上交易變得更加便宜。
Lower fees would benefit everyone—from DeFi users and NFT traders to blockchain gamers and developers building decentralized applications.
Affordable transactions have long been one of Ethereum's biggest challenges, and solving that problem could unlock a new wave of adoption.
負擔得起的交易長期以來是以太坊最大的挑戰之一，解決這個問題可能開啟新一波的採用浪潮。
𝗙𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗙𝗜𝗥𝗠𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗦𝗠𝗢𝗢𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗥 𝗘𝗫𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘
更快的確認速度，更流暢的體驗
The roadmap also targets **1–2 round finality**, allowing transactions to become irreversible much faster than today.
該路線圖也以**1–2 輪最終性**為目標，讓交易比現在更快地達到不可逆狀態。
Faster confirmation times improve both security and usability, particularly for financial applications where speed and certainty are essential.
更快的確認時間能提升安全性與可用性，尤其對於速度和確定性至關重要的金融應用。
Combined with multidimensional gas pricing, Ethereum aims to allocate network resources more efficiently while reducing congestion during periods of heavy activity.
結合多維度 Gas 定價，以太坊旨在更有效地分配網路資源，同時在活動高峰期減少擁堵。
𝗔 𝗕𝗟𝗢𝗖𝗞𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗜𝗡 𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗗𝗬 𝗙𝗢𝗥 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗦 𝗔𝗗𝗢𝗣𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡
為大規模採用做好準備的區塊鏈
Another ambitious target is expanding Ethereum's **state capacity to approximately 100TB**.
另一個雄心勃勃的目標是將以太坊的**狀態容量擴展至約 100TB**。
As more applications, users, and digital assets move on-chain, the network must store and process significantly larger amounts of data.
隨著越來越多的應用、用戶和數位資產轉移至鏈上，網路必須儲存和處理更大量的數據。
Increasing state capacity is designed to help Ethereum scale without sacrificing decentralization or long-term sustainability.
增加狀態容量旨在幫助以太坊在不犧牲去中心化或長期可持續性的情況下進行擴展。
𝗕𝗨𝗜𝗟𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗙𝗢𝗥 𝗔 𝗤𝗨𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗨𝗠 𝗙𝗨𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗘
為量子未來做好準備
Security remains one of Ethereum's highest priorities.
安全性仍然是以太坊的最高優先事項之一。
Lean Ethereum introduces **quantum-resistant cryptography**, preparing the network for a future where quantum computers could challenge today's encryption standards.
Although practical quantum threats may still be years away, building resistance early demonstrates a long-term approach to protecting blockchain infrastructure.
雖然實際的量子威脅可能還有數年之遙，但及早建立防禦機制展現了保護區塊鏈基礎設施的長期思維。
𝗣𝗥𝗜𝗩𝗔𝗖𝗬 𝗕𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗦 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗘 𝗣𝗥𝗜𝗢𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗬
隱私成為核心優先事項
Perhaps the most notable philosophical shift is Ethereum's new approach to privacy.
也許最顯著的哲學轉變是以太坊對隱私的新做法。
Instead of relying entirely on external tools or specialized applications, the roadmap treats privacy as a fundamental protocol objective.
該路線圖不再完全依賴外部工具或專門應用，而是將隱私視為一項基本協議目標。
As blockchain adoption expands among businesses, institutions, and governments, balancing transparency with user privacy will become increasingly important.
隨著區塊鏈在企業、機構和政府間的採用擴展，在透明度與用戶隱私之間取得平衡將變得日益重要。
𝗪𝗛𝗬 𝗧𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗠𝗔𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗦
為什麼這很重要
Blockchain competition is no longer based solely on decentralization.
區塊鏈的競爭已不再僅僅基於去中心化。
Today's leading networks compete on transaction costs, scalability, security, developer experience, and real-world usability.
今日的領先網路在交易成本、可擴展性、安全性、開發者體驗以及實際可用性上競爭。
Lean Ethereum is designed to strengthen Ethereum's position by improving nearly every core aspect of the protocol while preparing the network for future technological challenges.
I believe Lean Ethereum is one of the most ambitious protocol roadmaps introduced since The Merge. Rather than offering incremental improvements, it focuses on rebuilding core infrastructure for the long term.
Lower fees, faster finality, stronger cryptography, larger network capacity, and native privacy could collectively make Ethereum more efficient and resilient. At the same time, this remains a multi-year vision, and successful implementation will depend on extensive testing, developer collaboration, and community consensus.
Lean Ethereum represents far more than another software update. It outlines a vision for how Ethereum could evolve over the next several years into a blockchain that is faster, cheaper, more scalable, more private, and better prepared for future technological challenges.
If the roadmap is successfully delivered, it could become **Ethereum's most significant transformation since The Merge**, helping shape the next generation of decentralized applications and strengthening the network's position as one of the world's leading blockchain platforms.
#VitalikUnveilsLeanEthereum
維塔利克 揭曉 精益以太坊 • 自合併以來最大以太坊升級 • 10倍更低燃料費、更快最終性 & 抗量子安全性
以太坊正在為其下一次重大演化做準備。
自2022年合併改變以太坊的共識機制以來，開發者持續尋找讓網路更快、更便宜、更安全、並能支援數十億用戶的方法。雖然二層解決方案已經改善了可擴展性，以太坊的核心協議現在正準備迎向另一次重大飛躍。
在**7月4日**，以太坊共同創辦人**維塔利克·布特林**提出了**精益以太坊**路線圖——一個預計在接下來的**三到四年**內透過多次協議升級逐步實現的長期願景。
為下一個十年打造的路線圖
精益以太坊沒有專注於單一改進，而是提議對區塊鏈基礎進行全面現代化。
該路線圖引入了**遞迴STARK驗證**、**1–2輪交易最終性**、**多維度燃料定價**以及**抗量子密碼學**，同時將**隱私設為核心協議功能，而非可選附加項**。
這些升級共同旨在提升整個以太坊生態系統的效率、可擴展性、安全性和用戶體驗。
燃料費可能下跌超過10倍
最令人興奮的目標之一是大幅降低交易成本。
根據路線圖，協議改進可能將以太坊燃料費降低**超過十倍**，使得鏈上交易變得更加負擔得起。
較低的費用將惠及所有人——從去中心化金融用戶和NFT交易者，到區塊鏈遊戲玩家以及構建去中心化應用程式的開發者。
負擔得起的交易長期以來一直是以太坊最大的挑戰之一，解決這個問題可能解鎖新一波的採用浪潮。
更快的確認，更流暢的體驗
路線圖還針對**1–2輪最終性**，使交易能夠比現在快得多地變得不可逆轉。
更快的確認時間同時提升了安全性和可用性，特別是在速度和確定性至關重要的金融應用中。
結合多維度燃料定價，以太坊旨在更有效地分配網路資源，同時減少高活動期間的擁塞。
為大規模採用做好準備的區塊鏈
另一個雄心勃勃的目標是將以太坊的**狀態容量擴展到大約100TB**。
隨著更多應用程式、用戶和數位資產上鏈，網路必須儲存和處理顯著更大的數據量。
增加狀態容量旨在幫助以太坊在不犧牲去中心化或長期可持續性的情況下進行擴展。
為量子未來打造
安全性仍然是以太坊的最高優先級之一。
精益以太坊引入了**抗量子密碼學**，為量子計算機可能挑戰現有加密標準的未來做好準備。
雖然實際的量子威脅可能還需要幾年時間，但早期建立抵抗力展示了保護區塊鏈基礎設施的長期方法。
隱私成為核心優先事項
也許最顯著的哲學轉變是以太坊對隱私的新方法。
路線圖不再完全依賴外部工具或專門應用，而是將隱私視為基本的協議目標。
隨著區塊鏈在企業、機構和政府中的採用不斷擴大，平衡透明度與用戶隱私將變得越來越重要。
為何這很重要
區塊鏈的競爭不再僅僅基於去中心化。
當今領先的網路在交易成本、可擴展性、安全性、開發者體驗和真實世界可用性上競爭。
精益以太坊旨在透過改善協議幾乎每個核心面向，同時為未來的技術挑戰做好準備，來加強以太坊的地位。
我的觀點
我相信精益以太坊是自合併以來最雄心勃勃的協議路線圖之一。它不是提供漸進式改進，而是專注於長期重建核心基礎設施。
較低的費用、更快的最終性、更強的密碼學、更大的網路容量以及原生隱私，可以共同使以太坊更高效且更具韌性。同時，這仍然是一個多年的願景，成功的實施將依賴於廣泛的測試、開發者合作和社群共識。
最終想法
精益以太坊不僅僅是另一個軟體更新。它概述了以太坊在未來幾年如何演化為一個更快、更便宜、更具可擴展性、更注重隱私、並能更好地應對未來技術挑戰的區塊鏈。
如果路線圖成功實現，它可能成為**自合併以來以太坊最重要的轉型**，幫助塑造下一代去中心化應用，並鞏固網路作為世界領先區塊鏈平台之一的地位。
@Gate_Square
𝗩𝗜𝗧𝗔𝗟𝗜𝗞 𝗨𝗡𝗩𝗘𝗜𝗟𝗦 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗡 𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗨𝗠 • 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗜𝗚𝗚𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗨𝗠 𝗨𝗣𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗗𝗘 𝗦𝗜𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗘𝗥𝗚𝗘 • 𝟭𝟬𝗫 𝗟𝗢𝗪𝗘𝗥 𝗚𝗔𝗦 𝗙𝗘𝗘𝗦, 𝗙𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗟𝗜𝗧𝗬 & 𝗤𝗨𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗨𝗠-𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗡𝗧 𝗦𝗘𝗖𝗨𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗬
𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗨𝗠 𝗜𝗦 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗙𝗢𝗥 𝗜𝗧𝗦 𝗡𝗘𝗫𝗧 𝗠𝗔𝗝𝗢𝗥 𝗘𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡.
自合併（The Merge）以來，以太坊一直在準備下一次重大演進。
Since The Merge transformed Ethereum's consensus mechanism in 2022, developers have continued searching for ways to make the network faster, cheaper, more secure, and capable of supporting billions of users. While Layer-2 solutions have improved scalability, Ethereum's core protocol is now preparing for another major leap forward.
自2022年合併改變以太坊的共識機制後，開發者持續尋找讓網路更快、更便宜、更安全，並能支援數十億用戶的方法。雖然第二層解決方案已提升可擴展性，但以太坊的核心協議正準備再次向前邁進一大步。
On **July 4**, Ethereum co-founder **Vitalik Buterin** introduced the **Lean Ethereum** roadmap—a long-term vision expected to unfold over the next **three to four years** through multiple protocol upgrades.
在**7月4日**，以太坊共同創辦人**Vitalik Buterin**發表了**Lean Ethereum**路線圖——這是一項長期願景，預計在未來**三到四年**內透過多次協議升級逐步實現。
𝗔 𝗥𝗢𝗔𝗗𝗠𝗔𝗣 𝗕𝗨𝗜𝗟𝗧 𝗙𝗢𝗥 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗡𝗘𝗫𝗧 𝗗𝗘𝗖𝗔𝗗𝗘
為下一個十年打造的路線圖
Rather than focusing on one improvement, Lean Ethereum proposes a complete modernization of the blockchain's foundation.
Lean Ethereum 並不只專注於單一改善，而是提出對區塊鏈基礎架構的全面現代化。
The roadmap introduces **recursive STARK verification**, **1–2 round transaction finality**, **multidimensional gas pricing**, and **quantum-resistant cryptography**, while also making **privacy a core protocol feature instead of an optional add-on**.
該路線圖引入了**遞迴 STARK 驗證**、**1–2 輪交易最終性**、**多維度 Gas 定價**，以及**抗量子密碼學**，同時將**隱私作為核心協議功能，而非可選附加項目**。
Together, these upgrades aim to improve efficiency, scalability, security, and user experience across the entire Ethereum ecosystem.
這些升級共同旨在提升整個以太坊生態系統的效率、可擴展性、安全性與用戶體驗。
𝗚𝗔𝗦 𝗙𝗘𝗘𝗦 𝗖𝗢𝗨𝗟𝗗 𝗙𝗔𝗟𝗟 𝗕𝗬 𝗠𝗢𝗥𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗔𝗡 𝟭𝟬𝗫
Gas 費用可能下降超過 10 倍
One of the most exciting goals is dramatically reducing transaction costs.
其中最令人振奮的目標之一，是大幅降低交易成本。
According to the roadmap, protocol improvements could lower Ethereum gas fees by **more than ten times**, making on-chain transactions significantly more affordable.
根據路線圖，協議改善可將以太坊 Gas 費用降低**超過十倍**，使鏈上交易變得更加便宜。
Lower fees would benefit everyone—from DeFi users and NFT traders to blockchain gamers and developers building decentralized applications.
較低的費用將惠及所有人——從 DeFi 用戶、NFT 交易者，到區塊鏈遊戲玩家以及建構去中心化應用程式的開發者。
Affordable transactions have long been one of Ethereum's biggest challenges, and solving that problem could unlock a new wave of adoption.
負擔得起的交易長期以來是以太坊最大的挑戰之一，解決這個問題可能開啟新一波的採用浪潮。
𝗙𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗙𝗜𝗥𝗠𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗦𝗠𝗢𝗢𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗥 𝗘𝗫𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘
更快的確認速度，更流暢的體驗
The roadmap also targets **1–2 round finality**, allowing transactions to become irreversible much faster than today.
該路線圖也以**1–2 輪最終性**為目標，讓交易比現在更快地達到不可逆狀態。
Faster confirmation times improve both security and usability, particularly for financial applications where speed and certainty are essential.
更快的確認時間能提升安全性與可用性，尤其對於速度和確定性至關重要的金融應用。
Combined with multidimensional gas pricing, Ethereum aims to allocate network resources more efficiently while reducing congestion during periods of heavy activity.
結合多維度 Gas 定價，以太坊旨在更有效地分配網路資源，同時在活動高峰期減少擁堵。
𝗔 𝗕𝗟𝗢𝗖𝗞𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗜𝗡 𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗗𝗬 𝗙𝗢𝗥 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗦 𝗔𝗗𝗢𝗣𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡
為大規模採用做好準備的區塊鏈
Another ambitious target is expanding Ethereum's **state capacity to approximately 100TB**.
另一個雄心勃勃的目標是將以太坊的**狀態容量擴展至約 100TB**。
As more applications, users, and digital assets move on-chain, the network must store and process significantly larger amounts of data.
隨著越來越多的應用、用戶和數位資產轉移至鏈上，網路必須儲存和處理更大量的數據。
Increasing state capacity is designed to help Ethereum scale without sacrificing decentralization or long-term sustainability.
增加狀態容量旨在幫助以太坊在不犧牲去中心化或長期可持續性的情況下進行擴展。
𝗕𝗨𝗜𝗟𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗙𝗢𝗥 𝗔 𝗤𝗨𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗨𝗠 𝗙𝗨𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗘
為量子未來做好準備
Security remains one of Ethereum's highest priorities.
安全性仍然是以太坊的最高優先事項之一。
Lean Ethereum introduces **quantum-resistant cryptography**, preparing the network for a future where quantum computers could challenge today's encryption standards.
Lean Ethereum 引入了**抗量子密碼學**，為量子電腦可能挑戰現今加密標準的未來做好準備。
Although practical quantum threats may still be years away, building resistance early demonstrates a long-term approach to protecting blockchain infrastructure.
雖然實際的量子威脅可能還有數年之遙，但及早建立防禦機制展現了保護區塊鏈基礎設施的長期思維。
𝗣𝗥𝗜𝗩𝗔𝗖𝗬 𝗕𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗦 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗘 𝗣𝗥𝗜𝗢𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗬
隱私成為核心優先事項
Perhaps the most notable philosophical shift is Ethereum's new approach to privacy.
也許最顯著的哲學轉變是以太坊對隱私的新做法。
Instead of relying entirely on external tools or specialized applications, the roadmap treats privacy as a fundamental protocol objective.
該路線圖不再完全依賴外部工具或專門應用，而是將隱私視為一項基本協議目標。
As blockchain adoption expands among businesses, institutions, and governments, balancing transparency with user privacy will become increasingly important.
隨著區塊鏈在企業、機構和政府間的採用擴展，在透明度與用戶隱私之間取得平衡將變得日益重要。
𝗪𝗛𝗬 𝗧𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗠𝗔𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗦
為什麼這很重要
Blockchain competition is no longer based solely on decentralization.
區塊鏈的競爭已不再僅僅基於去中心化。
Today's leading networks compete on transaction costs, scalability, security, developer experience, and real-world usability.
今日的領先網路在交易成本、可擴展性、安全性、開發者體驗以及實際可用性上競爭。
Lean Ethereum is designed to strengthen Ethereum's position by improving nearly every core aspect of the protocol while preparing the network for future technological challenges.
Lean Ethereum 旨在透過改善協議幾乎每個核心面向，同時為未來技術挑戰做好準備，來鞏固以太坊的地位。
𝗠𝗬 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗣𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘
我的觀點
I believe Lean Ethereum is one of the most ambitious protocol roadmaps introduced since The Merge. Rather than offering incremental improvements, it focuses on rebuilding core infrastructure for the long term.
我認為 Lean Ethereum 是自合併以來最雄心勃勃的協議路線圖之一。它並非提供漸進式改善，而是專注於長期重建核心基礎設施。
Lower fees, faster finality, stronger cryptography, larger network capacity, and native privacy could collectively make Ethereum more efficient and resilient. At the same time, this remains a multi-year vision, and successful implementation will depend on extensive testing, developer collaboration, and community consensus.
較低的費用、更快的終結性、更強的密碼學、更大的網路容量以及原生隱私，可以共同使以太坊更有效率且更具韌性。同時，這仍是一個多年的願景，成功的實施將取決於廣泛的測試、開發者合作以及社群共識。
𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗧𝗦
最終想法
Lean Ethereum represents far more than another software update. It outlines a vision for how Ethereum could evolve over the next several years into a blockchain that is faster, cheaper, more scalable, more private, and better prepared for future technological challenges.
Lean Ethereum 代表的遠不止是另一次軟體更新。它描繪了以太坊在未來數年內如何演進為更快、更便宜、更具可擴展性、更注重隱私，且更能應對未來技術挑戰的區塊鏈。
If the roadmap is successfully delivered, it could become **Ethereum's most significant transformation since The Merge**, helping shape the next generation of decentralized applications and strengthening the network's position as one of the world's leading blockchain platforms.
如果這條路線圖成功實現，它可能成為**以太坊自合併以來最重要的轉型**，幫助塑造下一代去中心化應用，並鞏固該網路作為全球領先區塊鏈平台之一的地位。
@Gate_Square