On July 27, U.S. District Judge Katherine Menendez blocked Minnesota from enforcing its prediction-market ban (SF 3432) against CFTC-registered markets, determining that contracts such as Senate elections, World Cup winners, and Strait of Hormuz reopenings likely qualify as federal swaps under exclusive CFTC jurisdiction. The injunction prevented enforcement days before the statute was scheduled to take effect August 1. Judge Menendez ruled that Kalshi and Polymarket US, both operating as CFTC-d