Strait of Mandeb

Strait connecting the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden
The Bab-el-Mandeb, also known as the Mandab Strait in Arabic (باب المندب), commonly referred to as the Mandab Strait or the Mandab Strait, is a strait connecting the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, located between Yemen and Djibouti at the southern end of the Red Sea. Positioned between the southwestern tip of the Arabian Peninsula in Asia and the continent of Africa, it connects the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, as well as the Indian Ocean. After the Suez Canal was opened to navigation, it became a crucial maritime passage for ships traveling from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean, passing through the Suez Canal and the Red Sea into the Indian Ocean. The strait is approximately 26-32 kilometers wide, with an average depth of 150 meters. It is scattered with some volcanic islands, and Perim Island divides the strait into small and large sections. The small section on the Asian side is approximately 3.2 kilometers wide and 30 meters deep, serving as the main navigational channel in the Mandab Strait. The large section on the African side is approximately 25.95 kilometers wide and 333 meters deep, with numerous reefs and some small volcanic islands.
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Geographical location
The Mandeb Strait is located at 43 degrees 20 minutes east longitude and 12 degrees 40 minutes north latitude, connecting the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, and the Indian Ocean between the southwestern tip of the Arabian Peninsula in Asia and the continent of Africa. After the Suez Canal was opened to navigation, access to the Atlantic Ocean became more convenient.
Strait of Mandeb
The Mediterranean Sea, which passes through the Suez Canal and the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean, is strategically important. The strait is about 26-32 kilometers wide and 150 meters deep on average, and there are a number of volcanic islands scattered among them, with the largest island of Pirin, with an area of 13 square kilometers, which is the gateway to the southern end of the Red Sea. From 1875 to 1936 it was an important coaling station. There is an airport in the north of the island. The island divides the strait into a small gorge, which is about 3.2 kilometers wide and 30 meters deep on the Asian side, and the main channel in the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, which is about 25.95 kilometers wide and 333 meters deep on the African side, with many reefs and some small volcanic islands. Close to the African coast are the Sowabi Islands, also known as the Seven Brothers Islands. Due to the large number of reefs and shoals in the strait, and the strong wind, it brought great danger and difficulties to the ancient sailing ships, so that the passengers who came and went could not help but cry in fear, so it means "the door of tears" in Arabic. The name means "Gate of Tears" in Arabic, and according to legend, the strait was formed during an earthquake when many people drowned, and it is also said that it was due to the difficulty of the channel, the reef and the heavy shipwrecks. The strait is only 30 kilometers wide at its narrowest point, which is divided into two by the small island of Pilin Island, near the eastern half of Asia, also known as the "Strait of Iskander" (meaning Alexander's Strait), 3 kilometers wide and 30 meters deep, and the western half near Africa is also known as the "Strait of Mayun", 25 kilometers wide and 310 meters deep. Although the western half is much wider than the eastern half, there is a series of islands and reefs called "Seven Brothers", which greatly reduce the capacity of traffic. After the opening of the Suez Canal, the Bab el-Mandeb Strait became a strategically important sea lane, one of the busiest sea lanes in the world. Many proponents of the single-place origin theory of human beings believe that the Bab el-Mandeb Strait was the first stop of human migration from East Africa. genesis
The Mandeb Strait and its adjacent areas belong to the northern end of the eastern branch of the East African Rift system in the geological structure. During the Tertiary period, it was formed by the structural fracture and subsidence of the earth's crust due to the separation of the African Plate and the Arabian Plate. After the strait was formed, it continued to expand and widen, expanding by about 2 centimeters every year for the past 5 million years. Named
The Mandeb Strait, known as Bab El-Mandeb in Arabic, is also known as Bab Al-Mandab. The full name is "Babelmandeb", with "bab" meaning "door" and "mande" meaning "tearful door" in Arabic. Due to strong winds, high waves, and narrow reefs in this area, ships often capsize here, causing fear and even tears for the crew when sailing through. When fishermen go out to sea, their family members weep for their safety. The climate environment
The strait area forms a tropical desert climate under the control of the subtropical high pressure, with hot and high temperatures all year round. In August, the surface water temperature reaches 27-32°C, making it one of the warmest tropical straits in the world. The high temperature enhances evaporation of seawater, while precipitation is scarce, with little river supply in the surrounding area. The strait is narrow and shallow, blocking the exchange of seawater between the Strait of Hormuz and the Arabian Sea, resulting in a salinity of above 38 in the strait, making it the strait with the highest salinity in the world. Characteristics of the strait
The Strait of Mandeb is 50 kilometers long and 26-32 kilometers wide, with a depth of 30-323 meters. There are several small islands at the entrance of the strait, the larger one being Perim Island, with an area of 13 square kilometers, dividing the Strait of Mandeb into two channels, namely the eastern and western channels. The eastern channel is only 3.2 kilometers wide and about 30 meters deep, known as the Small Channel, which is an important route for the Red Sea to enter the Indian Ocean. The western channel is about 28.95 kilometers wide and 333 meters deep, known as the Big Channel, which is inconvenient for navigation due to many reefs and shoals.
Strait of Mandeb
The Mandab Strait, also known as Bab el Mandeb, is a strait between Perim Island and the African continent, 28 kilometers wide with a maximum depth of 323 meters, known as the Great Strait. Although the Mandab Strait is wide and deep, it is full of sandbanks and dangerous reefs, scattered with a group of small volcanic islands called the 'Seven Sisters,' making it difficult for ships to navigate through. In ancient times when science was undeveloped, navigation measurements and navigation aids were lagging behind, and countless ships were wrecked in the Mandab Strait. The Bab el Mandeb, between Perim Island and the Arabian Peninsula, is 3.2 kilometers wide and 30 meters deep, known as the Little Strait. Due to the suitable depth of the strait, with few islands and hidden reefs, it is the main waterway for ships entering and leaving the Indian Ocean from the Red Sea. Although the waterway is clean, many ships passing through here often encounter accidents due to the narrowness and swift currents of the strait. Therefore, sailors cannot help but feel anxious when mentioning the Mandab Strait. Fishermen near the Red Sea, when going out to sea for fishing or pearl diving, their loved ones bidding farewell cannot help but shed tears, worried that they may never return when passing through the Mandab Strait. When passenger ships sail here, passengers cannot help but feel nervous and even shed silent tears. People call this treacherous strait that has taken countless lives from ancient times to the present as the 'Mandab Strait,' with its full name being 'Bab el Mandeb,' meaning 'Gate of Tears' in Arabic.
Strategic position
Located between the southwestern tip of the Arabian Peninsula and the African continent, there is a northwest-to-southeast strait connecting the Red Sea at its southern end to the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Aden, which is known as the "water corridor" connecting the three continents of Europe, Asia, and Africa, the Mandeb Strait. Due to the suitable depth and rare islands and reefs in the waterway, the Mandeb Strait (eastern waterway) is the only way for ships to travel from the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden in the south. It is the shortest route for the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean and an important sea route for maritime trade among the three continents of Europe, Asia, and Africa. It is the southern gate of the Red Sea and has been a busy commercial route connecting the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Aden, and the Red Sea since ancient times. After the Suez Canal was opened in 1869, ships sailed from the canal and the Red Sea through the Mandeb Strait into the Indian Ocean, and then entered the Asian coast along the western Pacific Ocean through the Strait of Malacca. The Mandeb Strait has become a major sea route connecting the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean, and some people in the West call it the "strategic heart" of the world. It is one of the most important and busiest straits in the world, with more than 20,000 ships passing through it every year amidst tense situations.
At the end of 1995, the two countries of Yemen and Eritrea engaged in a fierce battle over the ownership of the Hanish Islands at the exit of the Red Sea - the Mandeb Strait. Although this naval battle only lasted for a short month, it had a profound impact and brought new enlightenment to modern partial naval battles, the use of the navy, and the construction and development of the navy.
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