In the DeFi arena, flash loan attacks are considered the most ruthless harvesting tools. Hackers target the characteristic of blockchain "atomic transactions"—no collateral needed, they can siphon off hundreds of millions of dollars in a single go. Their tactics are quite classic: instantly swooping into a liquidity-scarce DEX, a few trades skyrocketing the price of a certain token, then using this artificially inflated price to heavily collateralize in lending protocols, and finally repaying everything within the same block. By the time the protocol reacts, the hackers have already disappeared with the profits.

The problem is—traditional oracles using Time-Weighted Average Price (TWAP) can't withstand such attacks. Under extreme capital conditions, relying solely on temporal smoothing is nothing but a paper tiger.

But these players overlook a fundamental logic: flash loans are essentially "faking market consensus." Hackers attempt to use short-term capital advantages to fabricate a false market consensus on the price out of thin air. To break this kind of deception, the source must be addressed.

Someone thought of it—don't just look at time, add trading volume as a weight. This is the core idea behind Time-Volume Weighted Average Price (TVWAP). Unlike TWAP, which considers only a single time dimension, TVWAP introduces "real trading volume" into the pricing model. In this logic, whether a price is trustworthy depends not only on how long it has persisted but more importantly on how much actual capital is buying and selling. The characteristic of flash loans is large capital but virtual trading volume—precisely what the dual-dimension design of TVWAP can eliminate. Any attempt by hackers to throw money in to manipulate the price will be blocked by the trading volume weight threshold.