The biggest fear for DEX users is the sandwich attack—before your transaction is even completed, malicious actors buy in first to push up the price, then sell after you complete your trade to siphon off the profit. In just a few blocks, the gains are wiped out.

Why are traditional AMMs so easily targeted? Simply put, your transaction intent is fully transparent in the public mempool, and miners and validators hold the final say in transaction ordering. Searchers only need to monitor this information to easily construct sandwich trades and profit from them. The fairness of trading is so fragile that a single poke can break it in the face of profit temptation.

Some new-generation DEXs are starting to fundamentally solve this problem. They use privacy pools, fair ordering mechanisms, and other methods to prevent searchers from peeking into transaction information in advance, cutting off attack chains at the source. This is not just minor tweaks but a complete redesign of the entire trading logic.