Factbox-How to make EU less dependent on China and US

FILE PHOTO: A worker adjusts European Union and U.S. flags at the EU Commission headquarters in Brussels, November 11, 2013./File Photo · Reuters

Reuters

Wed, February 11, 2026 at 9:12 PM GMT+9 2 min read

BRUSSELS, Feb 11 (Reuters) - European Union leaders will discuss on Thursday what to do to help Europe become less economically dependent on the United ‌States and China to be less vulnerable to economic coercion.

Below are the ‌main areas for the leaders’ discussions, as outlined by the meeting chairman Antonio Costa.

1. BRING DOWN BUREAUCRATIC ​BARRIERS

These barriers limit trade in goods and services, having the same effect as if there were internal tariffs of 44% on manufactured goods and 110% on services.

2. PAVE THE WAY FOR EU COMPANIES TO SCALE UP

The EU needs bigger firms so that they ‌can compete globally with large ⁠U.S. and Chinese enterprises, benefit from economies of scale and afford costly research and development.

3. PROTECT STRATEGIC INDUSTRIES

This would include a ⁠European preference in sensitive sectors like clean-tech and renewable energy, defence and aerospace, semiconductors and chips, critical raw materials, digital technologies and artificial intelligence, energy-intensive industries, biotech and pharmaceuticals and ​automotive ​industry.

4. STAY OPEN FOR TRADE

Because of trade tensions ​with China and the United ‌States, the EU is racing to secure trade deals with other countries and regions to secure stable trade alternatives.

In just over a year, the EU has concluded trade deal negotiations with Mexico, Mercosur, Indonesia, Switzerland and India and deals with Australia, Thailand, the Philippines and the United Arab Emirates are in the pipeline.

5. TACKLE STRATEGIC DEPENDENCIES

The ‌EU is heavily dependent on the U.S. for ​defence and for digital services like entertainment streaming ​platforms, payment services like Visa and ​Mastercard or capital market services.

The EU heavily depends on China ‌for rare earths, processing of critical minerals, ​solar panels, wind turbines, ​and generally manufactured parts for its supply chains.

EU leaders are to discuss how to establish a preference for European-made goods when purchased with public money, ​rebuild Europe’s own defence ‌industry, diversify suppliers, develop their own artificial intelligence capabilities, introduce the digital ​euro for digital payments and develop an EU-wide capital market.

(Reporting by Jan ​Strupczewski; editing by Philip Blenkinsop, William Maclean)

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