January 27 News, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin recently proposed a new blockchain scalability framework, using a "hierarchical structure" to explain why the expansion speeds of different technical components are not consistent. He divides the blockchain into three main layers: the top layer is computation, the middle layer is data, and the bottom layer is state. This model is considered a key to understanding Ethereum's scalability route.

In Vitalik's view, computation is the easiest part to scale. By parallel execution, zero-knowledge proofs, and outsourcing some computations to external systems, blockchains can significantly increase throughput without adding trust assumptions. This is also the core logic of most current Layer 2 architectures, where a large number of transactions are completed off-chain, with only the results sent back to the main chain for verification.