BSC has completed the migration testing of quantum-resistant cryptography first.

The "BSC Post-Quantum Cryptography Migration Report" released on May 14th shows—
Transaction signatures: replaced ECDSA with ML-DSA-44 (Dilithium); consensus voting aggregation: switched from BLS12-381 to pqSTARK; both are NIST standardized quantum-resistant algorithms.
The results are good, but the cost is significant—
Single transaction size increased from about 110 bytes to approximately 2.5KB (nearly 23 times); block size in a 2000 TPS scenario increased from 130KB to 2MB;
In testing environments, TPS dropped by about 40%-50%.
The bottleneck mainly lies in transaction data propagation, not in the consensus itself. pqSTARK’s 43:1 signature compression ratio keeps the verification burden within manageable limits.
The conclusion is—quantum-resistant technology is now deployable, but bandwidth and data scalability remain challenges.
The real threat of quantum computing may still be 10-20 years away, but blockchain needs to start preparing years in advance.
This time, BSC’s successful test is not just a technical validation but also a "migration roadmap" for the entire industry.