According to Vitalik on X, recent research on Ethereum transaction formats clarifies how transactions can be split into 'actions' and 'dependencies,' each optimizable separately. Dependencies—including signatures, UTXO Merkle proofs, and zero-knowledge proofs—can be processed in parallel and potentially replaced by STARK proofs, reducing execution and data processing costs. Vitalik emphasized that over 90% of Ethereum activity requires no dynamic flexibility, making statically analyzable components eligible for lower gas costs. EIP-8141 transaction types are being developed as a universal, minimal call list format to implement this optimization strategy.
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